Reactions are the heart of the chemical processes in which relatively cheap raw
ID: 707352 • Letter: R
Question
Reactions are the heart of the chemical processes in which relatively cheap raw materials are converted to more economically favorable product. Chemical reactors are vessel designed to contain chemical reactions. In order to achieve the desired outcome, a proper design and operation of the reactor is required. Reactions can be categorized under three main categories which is balance based, equilibrium based and kinetic based. Do some study on all the three type of reaction and describe the difference between reactors that are available in Aspen Plus. Give the example of problem statement for each of the reactor type. Present your answer in the table below. Category Model in Aspen Plus |Description Purpose Use Balance based Equilibriunm based Kinetic based Problem statementExplanation / Answer
Category
Model in Aspen Plus
Description
Purpose
Use
Balanced Based
RStoic
Models reactor when: •Reaction kinetics are unknown or unimportant •Stoichiometry is known
Conversion reactor with known stoichiometry
•Can handle reactions that occur independently in a series of reactors •Can also perform product selectivity and heat of reaction calculations
Equilibrium Based
RGibbs
Models single-phase chemical equilibrium, or simultaneous phase and chemical equilibria
Multiphase chemical equilibrium reactor (non-stoichiometric)
•Can determine phase equilibrium without chemical reaction, particularly for multiple liquid phases •Can model solids either as single condensed species and/or as solid solution phases •Can also assign components to be in particular phases in equilibrium •Can use different property models for each liquid or solid solution phase
REquil
Models reactors when some or all reactions reach equilibrium
Two-phase chemical equilibrium reactor (stoichiometric)
•Can calculate single-phase chemical equilibrium, or simultaneous phase and chemical
equilibria •Calculates equilibrium by solving stoichiometric chemical and phase equilibrium equations
Kinetic Based
RCSTR
Rigorously models a CSTR. Can use this model when: • Reaction kinetics are known. • Contents of the reactor have the same properties as the outlet stream
Multiphase chemical equilibrium reactor (non-stoichiometric)
Can model equilibrium reactions simultaneously with rate-based reactions Computes one of the following for the reactor:
• Heat duty given the temperature • Temperature given the heat duty
RPlug
Rigorously models plug flow reactors
Plug flow reactor with known kinetics
•Can use RPlug to model reactors with cocurrent and countercurrent coolant streams. • Handles rate-based kinetic reactions only.
RBatch
Rigorously models batch or semi-batch reactors
Batch or semi-batch reactor with known kinetics
•Handles rate-based kinetic reactions only
Problem Statement:
Adiabatic Liquid-Phase Isomerization of Normal Butane
Normal butane, C4H10, is to be isomerized to isobutane in a plug-flow reactor. This elementary reversible reaction is to be carried out adiabatically in the liquid phase under high pressure using a liquid catalyst which gives a specific reaction rate of 31.1 h-1 at 360 K. The feed enters at 330 K.
Category
Model in Aspen Plus
Description
Purpose
Use
Balanced Based
RStoic
Models reactor when: •Reaction kinetics are unknown or unimportant •Stoichiometry is known
Conversion reactor with known stoichiometry
•Can handle reactions that occur independently in a series of reactors •Can also perform product selectivity and heat of reaction calculations
Equilibrium Based
RGibbs
Models single-phase chemical equilibrium, or simultaneous phase and chemical equilibria
Multiphase chemical equilibrium reactor (non-stoichiometric)
•Can determine phase equilibrium without chemical reaction, particularly for multiple liquid phases •Can model solids either as single condensed species and/or as solid solution phases •Can also assign components to be in particular phases in equilibrium •Can use different property models for each liquid or solid solution phase
REquil
Models reactors when some or all reactions reach equilibrium
Two-phase chemical equilibrium reactor (stoichiometric)
•Can calculate single-phase chemical equilibrium, or simultaneous phase and chemical
equilibria •Calculates equilibrium by solving stoichiometric chemical and phase equilibrium equations
Kinetic Based
RCSTR
Rigorously models a CSTR. Can use this model when: • Reaction kinetics are known. • Contents of the reactor have the same properties as the outlet stream
Multiphase chemical equilibrium reactor (non-stoichiometric)
Can model equilibrium reactions simultaneously with rate-based reactions Computes one of the following for the reactor:
• Heat duty given the temperature • Temperature given the heat duty
RPlug
Rigorously models plug flow reactors
Plug flow reactor with known kinetics
•Can use RPlug to model reactors with cocurrent and countercurrent coolant streams. • Handles rate-based kinetic reactions only.
RBatch
Rigorously models batch or semi-batch reactors
Batch or semi-batch reactor with known kinetics
•Handles rate-based kinetic reactions only
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