PLEASE ANSWER 1-5 i REALLY NEED HELP AND EXPLAIN AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE PLEASE. FIN

Question

PLEASE ANSWER 1-5 i REALLY NEED HELP AND EXPLAIN AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE PLEASE. FINAL TOMORROW AND IM STUCK.

Study the tree below (Fig 1) and answer the following questions:

1 (a) Which two species are the most closely related and why (briefly in 1 sentence)?

1 (b) Which letter represents the common ancestor to the frog and bird-why (briefly in 1 sentence)?

Figure 1.

2. Describe how similar homologies help define related groups of species in cladistics (briefly in 1-2 sentences).

3. How can one determine if derived characters differ from primitive characters (1-2 sentences, briefly)?

4. Evidence for phylogeny comes from derived character states that are shared among species. Referring back to Figure 1, what derived character states might birds, lizards and snakes share that would suggest a phylogeny among them? List at least three characters. {3pts}

5. If you added crocodile to this tree, which species would it be lumped with? Explain your reasoning (briefly in 1 sentence).

Explanation / Answer

1 (a) Which two species are the most closely related and why ?

Lizard and snake are closely related as they belong to a single clade and are monophyletic.

1 (b) Which letter represents the common ancestor to the frog and bird-why?

A is the common ancestor to frog and bird, because both of them are vertebrates.

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