PLEASE ANSWER 1-5 I AM COMPLETLY LOST Study the tree below (Fig 1) and answer th
ID: 69476 • Letter: P
Question
PLEASE ANSWER 1-5 I AM COMPLETLY LOST
Study the tree below (Fig 1) and answer the following questions:
1. (a)Which two species are the most closely related and why (briefly in 1 sentence)? {1pt}
(b)Which letter represents the common ancestor to the frog and bird-why (briefly in 1 sentence)? {1pt}
Figure 1.
2. Describe how similar homologies help define related groups of species in cladistics (briefly in 1-2 sentences). {1.5pts}
3. How can one determine if derived characters differ from primitive characters (1-2 sentences, briefly)? {1.5pts}
4. Evidence for phylogeny comes from derived character states that are shared among species. Referring back to Figure 1, what derived character states might birds, lizards and snakes share that would suggest a phylogeny among them? List at least three characters. {3pts}
5. If you added crocodile to this tree, which species would it be lumped with? Explain your reasoning (briefly in 1 sentence). {2pts}
Explanation / Answer
1. (a)Which two species are the most closely related and why?
Lizard and snake represents they are more closely related. Both of them have a common ancestor E. Both of them are sister groups. That is they are each other's closest relative.
(b )Which letter represents the common ancestor to the frog and bird-why ?
A...........which is the common ancestor to bird and frog. The root of the clade is A. It is the common ancestor to salamander, frog, mouse, bird , lizard and snake.
2. Describe how similar homologies help define related groups of species in cladistics?
By descent the homologous organisms share the common character.
3. How can one determine if derived characters differ from primitive characters?
If the character is in the state shared by the common ancestor of the group, that is primitive character.
If the character is in the new state, not the primitive one is derived character.
4. Evidence for phylogeny comes from derived character states that are shared among species. Referring back to Figure 1, what derived character states might birds, lizards and snakes share that would suggest a phylogeny among them? List at least three characters?
Snakes are limb less, some snakes are venomous
Lizards show determinate growth and shed skin
Birds could fly, S shaped neck, short forelimbs, feathers
5. If you added crocodile to this tree, which species would it be lumped with?
Birds and crocodiles will form a clade.
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