6. According to the Biological Species Concept, a set of organisms belonging to

Question

6. According to the Biological Species Concept, a set of organisms belonging to the same species will tend to look similar to one another as a result of:

            a. asexual reproduction

            b. convergent evolution

            c. directional selection

            d. population bottleneck

            e. regular intermixing of genes

7. Many bacteria have a genome size of roughly 106 to 107 bp of DNA, while humans have about 3 x 109 bp of DNA per haploid cell. This indicates that:

            a. the total number of structural genes in a human is at least 1000 time higher than for a typical bacterium

            b. when life began, all organisms had a large genome size, but microbial species have lost many of their genes over evolutionary time

            c. both within and across major taxonomic groups, there is a strong positive correlation between the complexity of an organism and the amount of DNA in its genome

            d. DNA with no known function for the organism (e.g, from pseudogenes or transposons) is more prevalent in humans than in bacteria

            e. the "C-value paradox" does not apply to bacteria

8. In Saetre et al.'s (1997) study of pied flycatchers and collared flycatchers, comparison of allopatric and sympatric populations showed that:

            a. hybrids had higher fitness in sympatric populations than in allopatric populations

            b. females in allopatric populations showed more discrimination in favor of conspecific birds, when given a choice between males of the two species

            c. birds in sympatric regions preferred to nest the same type of habitat, while allopatric populations tended to nest in distinct habitat types

            d. male color patterns of the two species were more divergent in sympatry

            e. a stable hybrid zone was maintained by migration of juvenile birds into the region of sympatry

9. Which of the following is not an organelle that is the result of endosymbiosis?

a. Mitochondrion

b. Apicoplast

c. Chloroplast  

d. Endoplasmic reticulum

10. In order for a game to be a true prisoner’s dilemma, which of the following conditions must be met?

P = Punishment for mutual defection, R = Reward for mutual cooperation, S = “Sucker’s” payoff, T = Temptation to defect

a. T > R > P > S

b. R > P > S > T

c. S > P > T > R

d. R > P > T > S

Explanation / Answer

6.   b. convergent evolution

7. c. both within and across major taxonomic groups, there is a strong positive correlation between the complexity of an organism and the amount of DNA in its genome

8. c. birds in sympatric regions preferred to nest the same type of habitat, while allopatric populations tended to nest in distinct habitat types

9. b. Apicoplast

10. b. R > P > S > T

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