1. In phylogenetic analyses, the principle of parsimony means: a. biologists sho
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Question
1. In phylogenetic analyses, the principle of parsimony means:
a. biologists should be careful to avoid being misled by convergent evolution
b. the polarity of evolution (which traits are primitive vs. derived) can be analyzed by the outgroup comparison method
c. traits that show evolutionary reversal should not be used in phylogenetic studies
d. the larger the number of similar traits shared by a pair of species, the closer their phylogenetic relationship must be
e. the best estimate of the true phylogeny is the one that requires the smallest number of evolutionary changes
2. Compare two short RNA sequence variants that are competing for a time in an environment with unlimited resources. If rnaA replicates in 10 minutes and rnaB replicates in 15 minutes, then starting with a single molecule of each, what would be their relative abundance after 12 hours?
a. about 16400 to 1
b. about 630,000 to 1
c. about 16.8 million to 1
d. about 1.07 billion to 1
e. about 268 million to 1
3. Transposable elements cause all of the following genetic changes except
a. changes in genome size.
b. frameshift mutations.
c. a change in the number of chromosomes per cell.
d. inversions and deletions.
e. changes in gene expression patterns.
4. Is haplodiploidy a necessary condition for the evolution of eusociality?
a. Yes, true eusociality is found only in the hymenoptera.
b. Yes, eusociality can only evolve when indirect fitness is as high as occurs between haplodiploid sisters.
c. No, true eusociality is also found in organisms that do not have a haplodiploid genetic system.
d. No, coefficients of relatedness between sisters are never 0.75 because there are always multiple fathers.
Explanation / Answer
1. (e)
2.
3. (c)
4. (c)
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