Okay I have some questions they do not have to be all answered butit would be ni

Question

Okay I have some questions they do not have to be all answered butit would be nice :) I separated by category, and if you do notunderstand I will clarify. thanks Valence Bond Theory?s What hybridorbitals are and how they are "formed"? Identifying thehybridization of atoms? The origin of pi bonds in VB theory? sigmaand pi bonding frameworks? The differences between MO and VBtheory? Intermolecular Forces?s Types and relative strength? Theorigin of polarity? Determining net molecular dipoles from aformula? Hydrogen bonding and when it occurs? Polarizability?Dispersion forces and the importance of size? Trends in molecularproperties: Boiling point, melting point, solubility? KineticMolecular Theory?s Temperature and velocity distribution: KE and Tfor gases? Non-ideal gases and the van der Waals equation, when itapplies? Properties of liquids resulting from IMFs?Thermodynamics?s What is entropy? Qualitative and quantitativeevaluations of entropy changes for reactions?

Explanation / Answer

Intermolecular forces. Ionic is the strongest, formed when + and- ions come togetherby attraction hydrogen bonding is next, still very strong. When youhave polar H atoms and unshared pairs of electrons on anotheratoms, they can attact and form a pretty strong bond. ion dipole interactions are between an ion and the area of apolar molecule with a partial opposite charge Dipole dipole interactions form when you have polar moleculesand their opposite partial charges attract. Ion induced dipole is pretty weak London forces are very weak and everything has them. neutral molecules like alkenes only have london forces If you have an HOH (H2O)molecule, you can see that amolst allof the electrons are around the O atoms, and since it is moreeletro negative, it even draws the electron from the Hs closer toit than to the hydrogens. So, this is a polar molecule andwould have a dipole moment. with O being partially negaitiveand H being partially positive. This also leads to Hydrogenbonding between the partially positive Hs and the lone pair foundon the O. In O=C=O, there is no diple moment because the two moreelectro negative atoms are on either side of the lesselectronegative carbon, and they cancel each other out. Thismolecule has no dipole moment. The stronger the forces, the higher the boiling point. This is why Water, weighing less than methane, has a much muchhigher boiling point. Methane is a gas at room temp becauseit is light and only has london forces for intermolecular forceswhere water weighs less but has strong hydrogen bonding forintermolecular forces.

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