Problem #3 Explain the difference between activities and concentrations,and answ

Question

Problem #3 Explain the difference between activities and concentrations,and answer the following questions: (a) What is the activity coefficient? (b) Why do we ignore activity coefficients in dealing withsolutions of weak acids and bases? (c) Why is the conductivity of concentrated strong acidsolutions lower than predicted based upon analyticalconcentrations? Problem #3 Explain the difference between activities and concentrations,and answer the following questions: (a) What is the activity coefficient? (b) Why do we ignore activity coefficients in dealing withsolutions of weak acids and bases? (c) Why is the conductivity of concentrated strong acidsolutions lower than predicted based upon analyticalconcentrations?

Explanation / Answer

a. Activity coefficient is used to account for deviations from anideal behaviour for gases and mixtures. b. Activity coefficients apply to mixtures, where the solute goesunder ionic disassociation, but weak acids and bases do not gounder ionic disassociation, or at least not enough for the activitycoefficient to be applied c. The activity coefficients of ions in a liquid solution is notmeasurable because it is impossible to experimentally determinethese coefficients ; therefore, different things like mean ionicactivity, mean ionic molality, and mean ionic activity coefficientsare introduced. Therefore, when you try to calculate thetheoretical conductivity, the constants used for these calculationsare only estimates of what the real values.

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