For human X chromosome (153 million bp) estimate a) contour length; b) the lengt

Question

For human X chromosome (153 million bp) estimate a) contour length; b) the length of DNA as packaged in nucleosomes and c) the length of the DNA in a 30-nm fiber. d) the total negative charge of the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Suppose that a membrane channel obeys the concerted allosteric model with Hill coefficient 1.5. In the presence of 12 µM ligand, the ratio of opened to closed channels is 0.2. What is the fraction of opened channels in the presence of 0.1 mM ligand

How many ATP molecules are required to pump 100 K+ ions out of a cell when the cytoplasmic concentration of K+ is 5 mM, the extracellular concentration 150 mM, and the membrane potential is constant - 60 mV? Assume T = 298 K, G (ATP hydrolysis) = - 45 kJ/mol

Explanation / Answer

There are three main question with sub topic in first question. Iwould answer all sub topic of first question

A.

G = RTln(ratio of concentration, inside and outside), where ln = natural logarithm

Also to remember

Gas constant R = 2 cal mol-1 K-1

Faraday constant F= 23,062 cal mol-1 V-1

and temperature, T, is 37 = 310 K

The Na+/K+ pump uses 1 molecule of ATP to move 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell.

For K+ G = modulus (2 x 310 x ln(5/150)) = 930 cal mol-1

Since K+ is being moved up a concentration gradient, work must be done so the free energy change is positive.

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