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1. Show by induction that: (1-x)(1+x+x 2 + x 3 +…+ x n = 1- x n-1 for n >=0 2. C

ID: 671083 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Show by induction that:

(1-x)(1+x+x2 + x3 +…+ xn = 1- xn-1 for n >=0

2. Consider the following argument:

If it is raining then the courts are closed

The courts are open

--------------------------------------------------------

.

. . It is not raining

Write this argument using propositional functions

Is this argument valid? Justify your answer.

3. Consider the set of strings on {0, 1} such that L(A) ={11wo| {0, 1}*}

Show that the language is regular.

4. Consider the following automaton:

Give its formal definition

Which of the following strings is accepted by the automation

Bb, a,

5. Consider the set X = {people in the world}, and the relation R ={ (x,y) iff x and y have the same age)

Is the relation reflexive, symmetric, anti-symmetric, transitive.

Explanation / Answer

1..-

The most basic geometric series is 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + ... + xn. This is the finite geometric series because it has exactly n + 1 terms.

For n=1,
1 + x = {x^(1+1) - 1} / (x-1)
1+x = (x^2 - 1) / (x-1)
This is true

Assume for n=k it is true.

Check for n=k+1:
1 + x +x^2 ... x^k + x^k+1 = (x^(k+1) -1)/(x-1) + x^(k+1)
= { (x^(k+1) -1) + x^(k+1)*(x-1) } / (x-1)
= { x^(k+1) -1 + x^(k+2) - x^(k+1) } / (x-1)
= { x^(k+2) - 1 } / (x - 1)
= { x^((k+1)+1) - 1 } / (x - 1)