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11. A diploid number of chromosomes have condensed. Each one is seen in the micr

ID: 64580 • Letter: 1

Question

11. A diploid number of chromosomes have condensed. Each one is seen in the microscope to be composed of two chromatids. The nuclear membrane has begun to break down, and the nucleolus is gone. What stage of meiosis and/or mitosis does this describe? (4 marks) 12. Give two examples of proteins that are synthesized during G phase but that are not synthesized during G2 phase. (6 marks) 13. Two types of signals have been implicated in metaphase checkpoint arrest. Consider the results of a recent experiment in which the unattached kinetochore of a monoattached chromosome was destroyed by a laser beam. It was found in this study that, following destruction of the kinetochore, the cell entered anaphase even though this chromosome was not properly aligned at the metaphase plate. How might you interpret this experiment in terms of the checkpoint signals? (6 marks)

Explanation / Answer

11. Metaphase of meiosis or mitosis marks the phase

12. DNA polymerase, CDK/cyclin E