After mutation by PX-41, minions exhibit several new traits, such as purple skin
ID: 59381 • Letter: A
Question
After mutation by PX-41, minions exhibit several new traits, such as purple skin instead of yellow, and being indestructible (as opposed to not indestructible). You hypothesize that purple skin (P) is dominant to yellow skin and that being indestructible is recessive to destructible (D) and that these genes demonstrate independent assortment. In order to test this hypothesis, you first cross a pure-breeding purple indestructible minion with a pure-breeding yellow destructible minion in order to generate a female minion heterozygous for both traits which you perform a test cross with. You observe the offspring and see following results:
Purple and Indestructible: 140
Purple and Destructible: 108
Yellow and Indestructible: 106
Yellow and Destructible: 146
a. How many of each phenotype do you expect if your hypothesis is correct?
b. Is your hypothesis likely to be correct? Use statistical analysis (chi-square) to demonstrate your conclusion.
Explanation / Answer
b. Use chi-square test to get the expected ratio for the mono hybrid cross
c2 = Sd2/x
S = the sum of
d = difference between observed and expected results
x = expected results
Actual numbers = 286
Expected numbers = 0.75*500 = 375
c2 = (375-286)2/375
= (89)2/375
= 7921/375
c2 = 21.1
Actual numbers = 214
Expected numbers = 0.25*500= 125
c2 = (125-214)2/125
= (-89)2/125
= 7921/125
c2 = 63.3
= 21.1+63.3
= 84.4
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