b. KOH, in water or kerosene c. Sucrose, in water or (kerosene d. Lauric acid in
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Question
b. KOH, in water or kerosene c. Sucrose, in water or (kerosene d. Lauric acid in water or (kerosene [lauric acid CH3(CH2)loCO2H 2. Liquids in Liquids Predict if the following pairs of liquids are miscible. Does the length of the carbon chain have an effect on solubility? Prediction: Miscible? Column A Column B e Water f Water g Water butanol CHsCH,CHCH OH h Water ethanol CHsCH2OH propanol [CH3CH2CH2OH hexanol [CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH kerosene [CH3(CH2),CH, where n= 6-81 i Water Ethanol | kerosene -Propanol [kerosene kerosene 1Butanol m Hexanol More prelab on next page... kerosene Cuesta College San Luis Obispo Chemistry 201A Fall 2017Explanation / Answer
Alcohols consist of a nonpolar carbon chain and a polar (-OH group). Using the general principle of "Like dissolves Like" water is polar so it attracts the OH group and repells the carbon chain. The hydrogen participates in hydrogen bonding with nearby water molecules, which readily receive it to form a hydronium ion [H3O]+.
The solubility depends on the relative strengths of this attraction and repulsion. Longer chains of carbon will exhibit a greater repulsion to water. The first three alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) are fully miscible in water because of the strength of the attraction at the OH group. However, alcohols larger than 3-carbon propanol exhibit decreasing solubility. Alcohols after the 7-carbon heptanol are considered insoluble.
e) YES, Water and Ethanol are miscible.
f) YES, Water and Propanol are miscible.
g) NO, Water and butanol are NOT miscible.
h) NO, Water and hexanol are NOT miscible.
When it comes to explaining or determining solubility of solvents, we use a helpful phrase that goes like this: Like dissolves Like. This means that polar molecules will dissolve polar molecules, and non-polar molecules will dissolve with non-polar molecules. The reason why this occurs is because polar molecules can undergo dipole-dipole force attractions - these are simply the electrostatic attractions between the slightly positive and slightly negatively charged poles of each molecule. Non-polar molecules can't do this because they don't have poles, instead they attract each other via dispersion forces.
i) NO, Water and Kerosene are NOT miscible. This is due to H20 being polar and Kerosene being different, that is non-polar, through the concept of "like dissolves like."
j) NO, Ethanol and Kerosene are NOT miscible. Ethanol is a polar solvent. So ethanol is soluble in water.But Kerosene is non-polar solvent. Like dissolves like.This phenomenon is used here. Kerosene can dissolve non-polar solvents like naphthalene, which is anon-polar solvent.
k) NO, Propanol and Kerosene are NOT miscible.
l) NO, Butanol and Kerosene are NOT miscible.
m) NO, Hexanol and Kerosene are NOT miscible.
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