1. A man who has type O blood fathers offspring with a woman who has type AB blo
ID: 57395 • Letter: 1
Question
1. A man who has type O blood fathers offspring with a woman who has type AB blood. Their first child, a girl, has type A blood. What would be the probability that their SECOND child, assuming they have one, will have type B blood?
a. 9/16
b. .50
c. 0
d. .25
e. 3/16
2. A man and a woman walk into a genetic counselor’s office. The woman’s brother has recently been diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The man has no history of the illness in his family. They are concerned about having an affected child themselves. The woman is pregnant with a boy. What is the probability that the child the woman carries will have the disorder?
a. 1/2
b. 1/4
c. 9/16
d. 1.0
e. 0
Questions 3-4 refer to the following scenario. A biologist collects seeds from a pale yellow sunflower in his back yard. He grows one, to adulthood, in a greenhouse, and bags the (P1) flower so that it is forced to self-fertilize. Asking questions about whether his original flower is cross pollinated, he grows all the seeds from each of this flower to form an F1, allows the F1 to self, and grows seeds from the F1 to produce an F2. His results are as follows.
F1 has pale all pale yellow flowers.
F2 progeny are 73 pale yellow flowers and 27 red flowers.
3. Based on this data, what type of allelic interaction is most likely to be the cause of the difference between pale yellow flowers and red flowers?
a. Two locus, incomplete dominance.
b. Two locus, epistasis.
c. One locus, pale yellow color dominant to red color.
d. a and b
e. None of the above.
4. Based on this data, what was the most likely phenotype, and genotype, of the pollen parent (the male) of the seed that grew up to be the P1?
a. rr Red flowers
b. Rr Pale yellow flowers
c. PpRr Pale yellow flowers
d. rr, Pale yellow flowers
e. Can’t tell
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following pedigree
5. What allelic interaction is likely to be responsible for the trait indicated in black?
a. autosomal dominance
b. incomplete dominance
c. sex linked recessive
d. sex linked dominant
e. impossible to tell
6. Which of the following is a good way to describe the likely genotype of Donna?
a. RR
b. Rr
c. rY
d. rr
e. none of the above
Questions 7 -8 refer to the following scenario. Imagine that, in finches, beak depth is controlled by three genes, each of which has two alleles, a + allele and a – allele. The baseline depth is 6mm. Each + allele adds .5 mm to the depth of the beak, each – allele subtracts .1mm from the depth of the beak. Two finches with genotypes a+ a- b+ b- c+ c- mate. They lay two eggs.
7. What is the beak depth of the parents?
a. 4mm
b. 3mm
c. 0mm
d. 6mm
e. can’t tell
8. What is the probability that the first egg to hatch will have a beak depth measuring 9mm?
a. 1/64
b. 1/8
c. 1/4
d. 9/16
e. can’t tell
1. A researcher is exploring a tropical rainforest that is destined to be clear cut and turned into a palm oil plantation, six months in the future. She encounters many species that are new to science. Which species concept would be most expedient and effective, in the process of collecting, naming, and describing what she finds?
a. biological species concept
b. morphological species concept
c. either would be effective
d. neither makes any sense
2. A researcher is studying the mating calls of a widespread species of cricket. He discovers that male crickets collected from different locations give different calls. Furthermore, females collected from different locations exhibit different responses to the calls, preferring the calls of males from the location they were collected from. The crickets are otherwise identical. In lab experiments, he demonstrates that females will not mate with males that have a call not typical of the location they were collected from, but if tricked, by playing calls of the appropriate male while another type of male is present, they will in fact mate, and these matings produce fertile offspring. Which of the following statements is likely to be correct?
a. The crickets are separate biological species
b. The crickets are separate morphological species
c. The crickets are a single species
d. The cricket species exhibit behavioral isolation
e. a and d.
Questions 3 and 4 pertain to the following scenario. A population of humans, isolated for centuries on an island in the Indian Ocean, exhibits the following phenotypes for pigmentation.
9,999 pigmented
1 albino
This form of albinism is caused by being homozygous recessive at a single locus.
3. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the albino allele?
a. .0001
b. .01
c. 1
d. can’t tell with this data
4. How many individuals would you expect to be heterozygous?
a. .0198
b. 2
c. 198
d. can’t tell with this data.
5. Normal alleles mutate to recessive alleles coding for a lethal, hereditary illness, at a rate of 10-8. What would be the expected equilibrium frequency of the recessive allele in a population, assuming mutation selection balance?
a. 10-8
b. 10-16
c. 10-4
d. can’t tell with this data
Question 6 refers to the following scenario. Green swordtails are sexually dimorphic: males have a long, swordlike projection from their tails, and females have rounded tails.
An experimenter decides to perform a female choice experiment. He isolates unmated females with a choice of two mails, each from one of four groups of males.
1) Unmodified control males
2) A second group of males with tails cut off, and re-glued.
3) Males with shortened tails.
4) Males with lengthened tails.
Imagine the researcher got the following data.
Chosen by female # vs group, for each trial. Trials were replicated 20 times
Trial Who the Female Chose
Group 1 vs. Group 2 Group 1- 10 Group 2- 10
Group 1 vs. Group 3 Group 1- 18 Group 3- 2
Group 1 vs. Group 4 Group 1- 6 Group 4- 14
Group 2 vs. Group 3 Group 2- 16 Group 3- 4
Group 2 vs. Group 4 Group 2- 6 Group 4- 14
Group 3 vs. Group 4 Group 3- 0 Group 4- 20
6. Which of the following statements makes sense, given the data above?
a. Females prefer unmodified males
b. Females prefer males with longer tails
c. Females prefer males with shorter tails
d. Tail length is a likely target of sexual selection in this species
e. b and d.
Explanation / Answer
1. B. 0.50
Human blood group is determined by multiple allele system, in which IA and IB are co-dominant to each other and dominant over IO. In the given problem, the father is type “O” and her genotype is IOIO. The possible genotypes of mother are IAIB; because her blood group is AB.
The genotype of their offspring would be either IAIO (blood group A) or IBIO (blood group B). So, their children have 50% chances to inherit either blood group A or blood group B. Thus, the probability that their second child to have type B blood is 50%.
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