1. Describe briefly, using arrows, the path of a protein between its synthesis s
ID: 57122 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Describe briefly, using arrows, the path of a protein between its synthesis site in ER-bound ribosomes and its final destination in lysosomes. Include all relevant organelles and vesicles.
2a. Which is less stable, a molecule of ATP or a molecule of ADP? Why?
b. Which has more potential energy: ATP or ADP? Why?
3. Some cells have aquaporins, which are channels that facilitate the flow of water molecules through the plasma membrane. For these cells, what regulates the rate and direction of water diffusion across the membrane?
Explanation / Answer
1. Synthesis of proteins starts when DNA provides the information. DNA is present in the nucleus. It forms the RNA which goes to the ribosome and initiate the protein synthesis at endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosome consist of two sub units. When RNA comes, the two subunits get close to each other and form a large chain on ER. When ribosome bound the ER, it is known as RER (rough enoplasmic reticulum). It is the main site in the cell where the protein are synthesised. Ribosomes are also known as protein factories of the cell. The protein synthesised here are transported to Golgi apparatus. From Golgi aaparatus, they are then transported and stored into the lysosome.
Ribosome ----> Rough ER-----> Protein synthesis -----> Golgi Apparatus(Protein transport) -----> Lysosome(Protein stored).
2 a. ATP is less stable molecule than ADP. ATP hydrolysis to give inorganic phosphate and ADP. So, ADP is more stable molecule than ATP.
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