1. Figure 11.1: Graphical data for the ionization energies of the elements show
ID: 567705 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Figure 11.1: Graphical data for the ionization energies of the elements show sawtooth trends across the periods of the elements. a. Locate the noble gas group of elements. What appears to be the periodic trend in ionization energies down the noble gas group (i.e., with increasing atomic number)? b. Scanning the graphical data for elements adjacent to and then further removed from the halogens, what general ment can summarize the trend in the ionization energies when moving down a group of elements? c. Which element has the highest ionization energy? t general statement can summarize the trend in the ionization energies when moving across a period of clements? 2. Figure 11.2: Graphical data for the atomic radii of the elements show generally decreasing trends across a period of elements. The noble gases are an anomaly. a. Which group of elements has the largest atomic radii? b. Moving down a group of elements (increasing atomic number), what is the general trend for atomic radi? c. Which clement has the largest atomic radius? d. What general statement can summarize the correlation of ionization energies to atomic radii for the elements? 3. Figure 11.3: Graphical data for the electron affinities of the elements show a number of irregularities, but a general increasing trend in values exists across a period of elements. a. Which group of elements has the highest electron affinities? b. Is the trend in electron affinities repetitive for Periods 2 and 3? Cite examples. c. Which element has the highest electron affinity? d. Is there a correlation of electron affinities to atomic radii for the elements? If so, what is it? Cite examples. 4. Figure 11.4 shows repeated trends in density for the periods of elements. a. What is the general trend in densities for Periods 2 and 3? b. What is the trend in the densities moving down a group of elements? c. Which section of the periodic table (see Introduction) has elements with greater densities? d. Which element has the greatest density?Explanation / Answer
1
a) As we go down a group, Ionisation energy decreases. This is due to the increase in atomic radius as we go down a group.
b) Ionisation energy decreases down a group
c) Helium has the highest first ionisation energy.
d) Moving from left to right across a period, ionisation energy increases. This can be ascribed to the decrease in the atomic radius of elements across a period.
2
a) alkali metals have the largest atomic radius
b) atomic radii increases down a group.
c) Cesium has the largest atomic radius.
d) As atomic radii increase, ionisation energy decreases.
3
a) Halogen group has highest electron affinity.
b) No. The electron affinity trends in periods 2 and 3 are not repetitivedue to the intervening d-block elements in period 3.
c) chlorine has highest electron affinity.
d) Yes. As atomic radiii decreases, electron affinity increases.
4
a)density increases down the group.
b)
density of elements increase down a group due to increase in mass.
c) transition metals. (d block elements)
d) Osmium
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