Separation of the Components of a Mixture OBJECTIVECCTo use differences in physi

Question

Separation of the Components of a Mixture OBJECTIVECCTo use differences in physical properties of different compounds to separate mixture CONCEPT TO BE TESTEDOdAlthough the composition of mixtures can vary, physical a mixture of subatances, and to determine the pereent by mass of these compounds in the properties of the componenta differ and can be used to separate the components of a mixture. TEXT REFERENCES (1) Whitten, Davis, Peck, Stanley: 1.10, 13.6 13.13 (2) Kotz, Treichel: 4.6, 13.5, 14.2 (3) Masterton, Hurley: 1.1,9.2-9.3,10.2(4) Moore, Stanitaki, Jurs 1.5, 5.6, 15.1, 15.4, 15.5 LABORATORY MANUAL REFERENCES (1) Do not perform this experiment until you clearly understand how to handle any chemical or procedural hazards in a safe manner so that you prevent injury to yourself or others. Study Chemical Safety and Rules, pp 29-31.(2The material covered in Background II: Solutions, Solubility, Separation Tech. are basie to the understanding of this experiment.(3)Laboratory Techniques Sect A- Handling Chemicals, Sect. B Determination of Mass and Weight, Sect. E - Heating and Evaporating Liquids, and Sect. F- Gravity Filtration (4) App. B Formulas, Names and Charges of Some mon lons, AppE-Solubility Rules of Some Inorganic Compounds, App. G . Molecular and Ionic Chemical Equations INTRODUCTION Separations of the components of mixtures are performed routinely in chemistry. Each component in a mixture retains its own set of physical properties. You will use the differences in properties to separate silicon dioxide, Sio, sodium chloride, NaCI, and ammonium chloride, NH,CI from a miture of these compounds. A description of some common properties used in separating mixtures follows SOLUBILITY The Solubility Rules are listed in Appendix E. A general discussion of solubility is ussed in the Background II: Solutions, Solubility, and Separation Techniques. The low extent to which a substance is soluble in a solvent depends upon the chemical structures of both the substance and the solvent. In general, polar compounds, such as sugar, 1 molecular weight alcohols and carboxylie acids, and ionie compounds, such as KCI and Nonpolar substances, such as oils, and higher molecular weight alcohols and carboxylic acids, are soluble in non polar solvents such as toluene or kerosene. Extracting (dissolving) O, which have ions of low charge density, are soluble in polar solvents such as water a soluble substance out of a mixture with a solvent is a common separation process. SUBLIMATION, MELTING POINTS Sublimation is the process by which a solid changes directly to the gaseous state with forming a liquid. Melting is the process by which a solid changes to a liquid by heating. In this experiment you will use sublimation to separate a solid which sublimes from other lids that do not. The vapor of the sublimed substance can be cooled and the substance will deposit again as a solid. Naphthalene (as in moth balls) and iodine are examples substances which sublime when heated.

Explanation / Answer

1.potential hazards may inclue as follows

Nature of chemicals- may be corrosive,toxic,flammables,explosives,carcinogenic and more reactives etc.,

To make the experiment safe for you and others you should clearly know how to handle the any chemical as well as procedural hazards in a safe manner.sothat you prevent injury to yourself and others.Study chemical safety and rules.

2.a.solubility and filteration:

first dissolve the compounds in the solvent then do the filtration using funnel and filter paper.dissolved compond will come out through the funnel and paper whereas undisolved compound remains in the paper.thatshow solubilty followd by filtration separates the compounds.

b.boiling point and distillation:

If the two compounds having different boiling points are heated together then the compound having less boiling point will be evapotrated first and if the evaporated vapour is collected by condensation it is called distillation.thus boiling followed by distillation seperates the compounds based on their boiling points.lesser boiling point having compound will be collected first then morer boiling point having compound later.

c.Differences in solubility:

based on the nature of the compound solubility varies.polar compounds,less molecular weight compounds are soluble in polar solvents like water whereas non polar compounds and high molecular weight compounds are soluble in non ploar solvents like oil.so by checking the solubility in different solvents given compounds can be separated.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse S
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.