Frameshift mutations may or may not be a disaster whenthey occur. A. What is a f

Question

Frameshift mutations may or may not be a disaster whenthey occur.

A. What is a frameshift mutation? (First, describe what a“frame” is).

B. Why is the effect of a triple frameshift mutation of the samesign different from that of a single or double frameshift mutationor a triple frameshift mutation of mixed signs?

C. Imagine a gene that codes for a protein of 1000 amino acids.Compare the effect of a triple frameshift minus mutation thatoccurs at +19, +22 and +24 bp and one that occurs at +30, +1500,and +2900 bp.

Explanation / Answer

A frame or reading frame is a group of three non-overlappingnucleotides that codes for a certain amino acid or transcriptionresponse. A frameshift mutation is a insertion or deletion inthe genetic code that causes a shift in how molecular machineryreads the genetic code. A triple frameshift mutation of the same sign will result in anentire codon being deleted from the genetic code, with the normalreading from being restored after the last mutation. A singleor double frameshift mutation will shift the reading frame for theentirety of the genetic code, and normal reading will not berestored In the first example, one amino acid will be added to the finalprotein, but the normal reading frame will be restored, quicklyafter the original frameshift mutation, causing relatively fewamino acids to be altered. The final protein may retain itsnormal function. In the second example, one amino acid willbe added to the final protein, but the normal reading frame will bealtered for almost the entirety of transcription. Most of theamino acids will be altered and the final protein will likely loseany ability to function

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