1. Balance the equations given below and classify each as a precipitation, acid-

Question

1. Balance the equations given below and classify each as a precipitation, acid-base, hydration (or dehydration), or oxidation-reduction reaction. a)--CaO(s) + HCI(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)(aq) Reaction type: b) KOH(aq) + Mg(NOJ2(aq) Mg(OH)2(s) + KNO3 Reaction type: 2. For the scenarios listed below, state whether you would expect the error to result in a high, low, or unaffected percent yield. Provide a brief explanation for each of your answers a.) In the precipitation of cupric hydroxide step, insufficient NaOH is added. High, low, unaffected: Explanation b neiolio ofauric i, H.SO-is ad High, low, unaffected: Explanation

Explanation / Answer

1a) The unbalanced equation is

CaO + HCl ------> CaCl2 + H2O (we will write down the states in the final step)

We have 2 Cl and 2 H on the right and 1 each on the left; hence, multiply HCl by 2 to get the balanced equation.

CaO (s) + 2 HCl (aq) -------> CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)

CaO is a base and HCl is an acid; the reaction is therefore, an acid-base neutralization reaction.

b) The unbalanced equation is

KOH + Mg(NO3)2 --------> Mg(OH)2 + KNO3

Note that we have 2 OH on the right and only 1 on the left; hence, multiply KOH by 2. This will balance the number of NO3 as well. The balanced equation is

2 KOH (aq) + Mg(NO3)2 -------> Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)

A precipitate is formed; hence this is a precipitation reaction.

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