1. What is a caveolae? A) “Bubbles” found on the surface of the plasma membrane
ID: 54736 • Letter: 1
Question
1.
What is a caveolae?
A) “Bubbles” found on the surface of the plasma membrane
B) Small invaginations of the plasma membrane
C) Invaginations of the rough ER
D) Specialized vesicles
2.
Using Figure 1, how many ways can estrogen signaling be initiated in vascular endothelial cells (ECS)?
A) One
B) Four
C) Three
D) Two
3.
What was one of the results scientists found after activation of the membrane-bound estrogen receptor?
A) Vascular protective effects
B) Accelerated cancerous growth in breast tissue
C) Stimulation of cell division in breast/uterine tissue
D) Accelerated cancerous growth in uterine tissue
4.
Using the description of Fig. 1, how do ligand-activated transcription factors function?
A) They are membrane bound receptors that bind estrogen as a ligand.
B) They are imported into the nucleus as dimers after ligand-binding and then help initiation transcription.
C) None of these are correct.
D) They are always bound to the DNA, but require ligand binding to function.
5.
What is one result of estrogen binding a membrane-bound estrogen receptor in vascular tissue, thereby activating the rapid, non-nuclear signaling pathway?
A) Decreased cell growth
B) Decreased cell migration
C) Production of nitric oxide
6.
The membrane-bound estrogen receptor is located ________________.
A) somewhere in the membrane (i.e., researchers do not know the answer)
B) as a transmembrane protein
C) on the intracellular leaflet of the membrane
D) on the extracellular leaflet of the membrane
7.
The timing of estrogen therapy during menopause in women may affect the role estrogen plays in the cardiovascular system.
A) True
B) False
8.
What ligand is used in this study to activate the membrane-bound estrogen receptor?
A) A G-protein
B) Estrogen dendimer conjugate (EDC)
C) Nitric oxide
D) 17b-Estrogen
9.
Does estrogen dendimer conjugate (EDC) activate estrogen receptors that are non-membrane bound (i.e., cytoplasmic or nuclear)?
A) No
B) Yes
10.
The ligand EDC causes cell migration and proliferation in which of the following tissues? (Check all that apply)
A) Vascular (i.e., vessel) tissue
B) Ovarian tissue
C) Breast tissue
D) Uterine tissue
Explanation / Answer
1. caveolae are Small invaginations of the plasma membrane. Option B is correct.
2. in vascular endothelial cells, estrogen signaling can be initiated by 2 ways. Option D is correct (figure is not given).
3. After activation of the membrane-bound estrogen receptor Vascular protective effects were found. Option A is correct.
4. ligand-activated transcription factors function as membrane bound receptors that bind estrogen as a ligand. Option A is correct.
5. one result of estrogen binding a membrane-bound estrogen receptor in vascular tissue, thereby activating the rapid, non-nuclear signaling pathway is Production of nitric oxide. Option C is correct.
6. The membrane-bound estrogen receptor is located as a transmembrane protein. Option B is correct.
7. The timing of estrogen therapy during menopause in women may affect the role estrogen plays in the cardiovascular system is True. Option B is correct.
8. The ligand is used in this study to activate the membrane-bound estrogen receptor 17b-Estrogen. Option D is correct.
9. Estrogen dendimer conjugate (EDC) activate estrogen receptors that are non-membrane bound (i.e., cytoplasmic or nuclear). Yes. OPtion B is correct.
10. The ligand EDC causes cell migration and proliferation in Vascular (i.e., vessel) tissue, Breast tissue
and Uterine tissue. Options A, C and D are correct.
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