10 2017 Organic Chemistry II Lab Fall 2017 Synthesis of Aniline (part I & 2) I.

Question

10 2017 Organic Chemistry II Lab Fall 2017 Synthesis of Aniline (part I & 2) I. Why must the solution be made alkaline (ie. addition of Na0H) before stexm distillation 2. If NaOH ( chloride, what layer/phase would the produst be found? Why? in question I) was not adsed to the solution, and you then extracted with methylene 3. a)Why is t necessary to use steam distilation instead of extraction? b) What is the issue encoustered by use of steam distillation 4. Why is it a better idea to eam distillation rather than simple distillation in part I s. Why is tin (with hydzochori acid the most commonly used recbacing agent?

Explanation / Answer

1. the solution must be be alkaline ( addition of NaOH) to convert anilinium ions to aniline molecules, which exert at higher vapour pressure than the ion.

2. aniline is slightly soluble in water and hence product will be found in organic layer.

3.a. purification is necessary to get the pure compound , by using distillation method the exact boiling point of

aniline (184.10C) can be determined and it can be easily be separated. where as in extraction methos the pure compound can not be separated in desired layer due to to solubility.

4

steam distillation is used indistillation of compounds that are sensitive to heat.using steam to heat the mixture ensure that the temperature of the comound does not exceed 100 oC, hence the distillation can be performed at low temperatures. Where as the simple distillation can be used to distiled for two compounds which differ app 250C in their boiling points.

5.

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