The Procedure: You will use 1% AgNO, in ethanol as the reagent for the S_N1 reac

Question

The Procedure: You will use 1% AgNO, in ethanol as the reagent for the S_N1 reactions. Using a Pasteur pipet, add 5-6 drops of the desired alkyl halide to a small test tube, add 1 mL of the reagent, and swirl. Record the time it takes for the reaction to occur. If no reaction has occurred after five minutes, place the test tube in a warm (50-60 degree C) water bath for ten additional minutes. You will know a reaction has occurred if the solution becomes cloudy -this is the corresponding chloride or bromide salt precipitating from solution. 1. Choose four alkyl halides that will allow you to investigate the effect of substitution (1*, 2*, 3*, allylic) on S_N1 reaction rate. 2. Choose two alkyl halides that will allow you to investigate the effect of hybridization (sp^2, sp^3) on S_N1 reaction rate. 3. Choose two alkyl halides that will allow you to investigate the effect of leaving group (chloride, bromide) on S_N1 reaction rate. 4. Record all of your results in your lab notebook. Use your results to answer the questions in the handout provided by your instructor. Alkyl Halides: The following eight alkyl halides will be available to you. It is you responsibility to decide which compounds you will use to investigate each trend. You may not need all eight. It is important that you out your experiment before you come to lab. The procedure in your Pre-Lab should include the specific alkyl halides you will use in Parts 1-3 above.

Explanation / Answer

1. Four alkyl halides for investigating the effect of substitution are 1-chlorobutane(1deg), 2-chlorobutane(2 deg), 2-chloro-2-methylpropane(3 deg) and 1-chloro-2-butene(allylic).

2. Two alkyl halides for investigating the effect of hybridisation on SN1 reaction rate are 2-bromobutane (sp3) and 2-bromo-2-butene(sp2).

3. Two alkyl halides for investigating the effect of leaving group on SN1 reaction rate are 2-chlorobutane(Cl) and 2-bromobutane(Br).

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