Enter each of these terms in the appropriate blank: acidophilic; aggregate; alka
ID: 52520 • Letter: E
Question
Enter each of these terms in the appropriate blank: acidophilic; aggregate; alkaliphilic; barophilic; denature; halophilic; hyperthermophilic; mesophilic; psychrophilic; thermophilic.
It is estimated that 66% of the biomass of microorganisms on Earth lives in the marine subsurface. Species that live here tend to be______ because temperatures are always low and____ because they live under the pressure of thousands of metres of water. Microbiologists who sample these environments have to be careful not to expose the microorganisms to higher temperatures, even 20 °C, at which their enzymes will____ and their membranes will disintegrate, because this damage is irreversible. In contrast, microbiologists who sample warm soil, where____ species including phototrophs grow, or hot springs and hydrothermal vents, where____ chemotrophs grow at extremely high temperatures, do not usually have to worry about exposing the microorganisms to lower temperatures, even 20 °C, at which their enzymes will___ and their membranes will gel, because this damage is reversible. Most microbiologists work with microorganisms that are____ , growing at moderate temperatures. These include species that are pathogenic or important in food production, as well as environmental microorganisms that are____ , growing in high salt,____ , growing at low pH, or____ , growing at high pH.
Explanation / Answer
It is estimated that 66% of the biomass of microorganisms on Earth lives in the marine subsurface. Species that live here tend to be__psychrophilic____ because temperatures are always low and_barophilic___ because they live under the pressure of thousands of metres of water. Microbiologists who sample these environments have to be careful not to expose the microorganisms to higher temperatures, even 20 °C, at which their enzymes will__denature__ and their membranes will disintegrate, because this damage is irreversible. In contrast, microbiologists who sample warm soil, where_thermophilic___ species including phototrophs grow, or hot springs and hydrothermal vents, where__hyperthermophilic__ chemotrophs grow at extremely high temperatures, do not usually have to worry about exposing the microorganisms to lower temperatures, even 20 °C, at which their enzymes will_aggregate__ and their membranes will gel, because this damage is reversible. Most microbiologists work with microorganisms that are__mesophilic__ , growing at moderate temperatures. These include species that are pathogenic or important in food production, as well as environmental microorganisms that are__halophilic__ , growing in high salt,__acidiphilic__ , growing at low pH, or__alkaliphilic__ , growing at high pH.
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