1) You are working in the hospital lab and have a blood smear from a patient wit
ID: 52348 • Letter: 1
Question
1) You are working in the hospital lab and have a blood smear from a patient with no visible platelets. What is likely wrong with this inidivdual?
he/she has malaria
he/she is HIV positive
he/she has a blood clotting disorder
he/she suffered a traumatic injury such as a car crash
2) You are working in the hospital lab and have a blood smear from a patient with no visible T cells. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is
He/she has tuberculosis
He/she has AIDS
He/she has malaria
He/she has a blood clotting disorder
3)
Blood is an example of which type of tissue?
connective
nervous
epithelial
cartilaginous
4)
Premature infants are often treated with surfactant. This is used to
help regulate heart rate
increase the pH of the blood
help oxygen saturation levels of the blood
prevent jaundice
he/she has malaria
he/she is HIV positive
he/she has a blood clotting disorder
he/she suffered a traumatic injury such as a car crash
Explanation / Answer
1)
From the given case he/she has a blood clotting disorder. The platelets, cell fragments without a nucleus, are responsible for initiating the clotting process by secreting substances that cause them to clump together. The normal (expected) range of platelet count (PLT) in the blood is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.
Thus, the correct option is (he/she has a blood clotting disorder).
2)
AIDS/HIV disease is caused by a virus known as “human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).” By the actions of this virus; it is observed that gradual reduction of immunity levels in patients, which results to cause ‘opportunistic diseases’ like tuberculosis and pneumonia, etc.
Infection of HIV has different stages:
Acute phase: is also called asymptomatic phase. The levels of CD4 T-cells (500 per/mm3) are not varied, but viral load of HIV will increases in blood and other body fluids. Mild disease conditions like fever, chills swallown lymph nodes are observed at acute phase. This stage will have 1 to 3 years of duration.
Chronic phase: in this phase all the symptoms of disease are appeared and CD4 T-cells (499-200 per/mm3) levels are drastically reduced. At this stage all the opportunistic infections like yeast infections of mouth and vagina, prolonged diarrhea and swallown lymph nodes are observed. This stage will have 4 years of duration.
The final stage: is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). At this stage levels of CD4 T-cells (200 per/mm3) are completely decreased. Patient at this stage have nearly 25 opportunistic diseases along with AIDS. This stage will have 3 years of duration. Death may results at final stage.
Thus, the correct option is (He/she has AIDS).
3)
Blood is composed of plasma, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Plasma is a yellowish solution of water and solutes, composing 35-60% of the total volume of the blood in vertebrates. It contains dissolved oxygen, nutrients, hormones, numerous proteins involved in immune function and clotting, as well as maintaining pH and salt balance.
Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, perform vital functions related to defending the body against infection and disease. They are produced in the marrow of certain vertebrate bones. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, compose 40-65% of vertebrate blood, express the protein hemoglobin, and are responsible for carrying and delivering oxygen to the body’s tissues. Finally, platelets, cell fragments without nuclei, are responsible for the formation of blood clots. So, blood is an example of connective tissue.
Thus, the correct option is (connective).
4)
Surfactant, (E), is secreted by the type II alveolar cells in the mammalian lung to prevent the collapse of alveoli due to surface tension at the interface of air and extracellular fluid. Hemoglobin and myoglobin are involved in oxygen transport in the blood and muscle and have no direct influence on the lung. So, premature infants are often treated with surfactant. This is used to help oxygen saturation levels of the blood.
Thus, the correct option is (help oxygen saturation levels of the blood).
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