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For nd and nf electrons, electrons in the same nd or nf group contribute 0.35, a

ID: 516674 • Letter: F

Question

For nd and nf electrons, electrons in the same nd or nf group contribute 0.35, and those in groups to the left As an example, let us calculate Z* for the outermost electron of oxygen: S = (2 times 0.85) + (5 times 0.35) = 3.45 Z* = 8 - 3.45 = 4.55 Here is a calculation for a d electron in Ni: Z* = 28 - [18 times 1.00]. [7 times 0.35] = 7.55 and for an s electron in Ni: Z* = 28 - [10 times 1.00] - [16 times 0.85] - [1 times 0.35] = 4.05 (Here 3s, 3p, and 3d electrons are in the (n - 1) groups.) Calculate Z* for O, F, and Ne. Z* for O: Z* for F: Z* for Ne:

Explanation / Answer

O:

Atomic number of O = 8

Electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p4

So, number of electrons in (n-1) shell = 2

Z* for O = 8 - (2 * 0.85 + 5 * 0.35) = 4.55

N:

Atomic number of N = 7

Electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p3

So, number of electrons in (n-1) shell = 2

Z* for N = 7 - (2 * 0.85 + 4 * 0.35) = 4.90

Ne:

Atomic number of Ne = 10

Electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6

So, number of electrons in (n-1) shell = 2

Z* for Ne = 10 - (2 * 0.85 + 7 * 0.35) = 3.85