1. Arterial blood pressure is a vital sign. Mean arterial pressure is independen

Question

1. Arterial blood pressure is a vital sign. Mean arterial pressure is independent of body size. Maintenance of this pressure head assures perfusion of capillary beds throughout the body. What helps maintain short-term arterial blood pressure?

> basal heartbeat frequency

autonomic innervation of vascular smooth muscle

adequate blood volume

adequate venous return

all of the above

2. Shock denotes inadequate blood flow throughout the body. One risk of deep general anesthesia is depression of the vasomotor center, which can induce neurogenic shock. Should this happen, then:

autonomic innervation of vascular smooth muscle is lost

blood pressure drops due to relaxation of arterial smooth muscle

venous return drops due to relaxation of venous smooth muscle

all of the above

3. Internal heat production is a vital sign. Consider a post-absorptive animal at rest within it thermoneutral zone. The heat production within such an animal can be predicted from body mass with an allometric equation. Most of this heat is released from mitochondria found:

throughout the body

primarily within the CNS, heart, liver, and kidneys

within skeletal muscle

4. Internal heat production increases with exertion. Consider a post-absorptive animal performing sustained work. Heat produced in excess of the basal metabolic rate is released from mitochondria within:

the CNS

skeletal muscle

visceral organs

5. Deep body temperature is monitored by the:

aortic and carotid bodies

sensory neurons within the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic nuclei

sensory neurons that innervate the CNS, heart, liver, and kidneys

Explanation / Answer

1. All of the above is the correct answe.

explanation-Mean arterial pressure is defined as the average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle.There are three important factors that affect mean arterial pressure: cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and blood volume.

2. all of the above.

Explanation: Some vasoactive chemicals such as vasodilator acetylcholine are known for causing reduced/increased blood flow in the tumours by vasomotor changes. Inadequate blood supply to the tumour cells can cause the cells to be radio-resistant and resulted in reduced accessibility to chemotherapeutic agents.

Injuries to nerves of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (Klumpke's paralysis) and compression of median

nerve at the flexor retinaculum of the hand (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) can cause vasomotor changes at the areas innervated by the nerves. This area of the skin will become warmer because of vasodilation (loss of vasoconstriction).[5]

Depression of vasomotor center of brain can cause the loss of vasomotor tone of blood vessels, resulting in massive dilatation of veins. This will result in a condition called asneurogenic shock.[

3.primarily within the CNS, heart, liver, and kidneys

There are many mechanisms for heat dissipation and retention (sweating, changes in distribution of the circulation, shivering, piloerection - no, it's not a dirty word, etc.). Heat production results from the loss of some of the free energy of every chemical reaction as heat - that is, every chemical reaction results in the loss of some of the total free energy in the universe.

4.CNS

Thyroxin,' is a BMR regulator produced by the thyroid gland that speeds up a person's metabolic activity. The more thyroxin a person's thyroid gland produces, the higher that person's BMR will be. If the person's thyroid gland produces too much thyroxin, a condition referred to as, 'thrytoxicosis,' their BMR may double.

thyroid is regulated by CNS.

5.sensory neurons that innervate the CNS, heart, liver, and kidneys

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