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1. Increased blood flow into muscle was enabled by arterial vasodilation within

ID: 51226 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Increased blood flow into muscle was enabled by arterial vasodilation within the legs and arterial vasoconstriction throughout the alimentary canal in response to norepinephrine. Can this ability be explained in terms of norepinephrine binding to different adrenergic receptors that activate opposing molecular cascades within smooth muscle cells?

yes

no

2. Did limbic system input affect vasomotor output in our case study?

yes

no

3. Bulbospinal tracts link the vasomotor center with the intermedioloateral nuclei of the thoracolumbar cord. These nuclei contain:

premotor neurons

preganglionic motor neurons

postganglionic motor neurons

4. The axons that innervate vascular smooth muscle:

are non-myelinated

have a small diameter

transmit low velocity action potentials

transmit action potentials at 0 to 20 Hz

all of the above

5. The increased blood flow through muscle that accompanied exertion served to increase the rate of:

oxygen delivery

carbon dioxide removal

heat transfer

all of the above

6. Carbon dioxide production within muscle fibers was proportional to aerobic exertion. The bulk of this metabolic end-product was transported within venous blood as:

a dissolved gas

bicarbonate within blood plasma

carbaminohemoglobin within erythrocytes

7. Does the partial pressure of pulmonary carbon dioxide change in response to exertion?

yes

no, changes in ventilation depth and frequency serve to stabilize the partial pressure of pulmonary carbon dioxide

8. The quality of arterial blood was maintained during the case study by:

autonomic reflexes

alanine efflux from skeletal muscle

hepatic gluconeogenesis and ammonia detoxification

filtration of arterial blood through renal glomeruli

all of the above

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Explanation / Answer

Answer for 1;

yes , there are two types of receptors Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors involve in vasoconstriction and beta2 adrenergic receptors involves in vasoconstriction .

Answer for 2;

yes , limibic system affect the vasomotor output

answer for 3;

preganglionic motor neurons ,which are autonomic motor neuron

answer for 4;

all the above . they are unmylinated , transmit low velocity acion potential ,

Answer for 5;

all the above ,

Answer for 6;

as carbamino heamoglobin within erythrocytes

Answer for 7;

yes, artial pressure of carbondioxide will change in response to excertion

answer for 8;

autonomic refelexes