Briefly describe how a drying agent works. List the names and chemical formulas

Question

Briefly describe how a drying agent works. List the names and chemical formulas for five typical drying agents. Elemental bromine (Br_2)reacts with 3-hexene to form 3, 4-dibromohexane. a. Write out the balanced equation for this reaction. b. If 11.5 g of 3-hexene is reacted with 8.8 g Br_2, what is the theoretical yield of 3, 4- dibromohexane? c. If you did the reaction described in (c) and isolated 12.9 g of 3, 4- dibromohexane, what is the percent yield for the reaction? How can you tell, visually, when an organic liquid is dry after adding a drying agent? Write out the mechanism for the dehydration of 2-butanol in the presence of sulfuric acid (via an E1 mechanism).

Explanation / Answer

1. Drying agents exhibit characteristic hygroscopic property i.e; they are capable of attracting and holding water molecules from the surrounding environment. Drying agents are polar and it is because of their polar nature, they are able to dissolve water in them. The other term for drying agents is dessicant. More the polarity more the hygroscopic nature of the drying agent.

Commonly used drying agents are silica gel, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and potassium hydroxide.

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