A mixture of two compounds was distilled by simple and fractional distillation,

Question

A mixture of two compounds was distilled by simple and fractional distillation, with compound C being the lower boiling compound and compound D being the higher boiling compound. Graphs of temperature versus volume of distillate collected are provided for Distillation 1 and Distillation 2. Which distillation is more likely a simple distillation and which is more likely a fractional distillation? Estimate the boiling points (b.p.) of compound C (lower boiling) and compound D (higher boiling)? Compound C b.p. degree C Compound D b.p. degree C If samples were taken from each distillation when 10 mL and 40 mL of distillate were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography, from which distillation would there be more of compound D (higher boiling material) in each pair of samples taken at 10 mL and 40 mL of distillate collected? Which distillation would produce a better separation of compounds C and D, and briefly describe why?

Explanation / Answer

a) On the basis of graph it is clear that distillation 1 is the simple distillation where as distillation 2 is fractional distillation

b) It is clear from fractional distillation curve that boiling point of C should be around 50 oC (low boiling) where as for compound D should be around 75 oC (higher boiling)

c) Since fractional distillation is more efficient than simple distillation, therefore in distillation 1 (simple distillation) there will be more compound D in distillate taken at 10 ml and in distillation 2 (fractional distillation) there will be more compound D in distillate taken at 40 mL.

d) Fractional distillation, distillation 2 will provide a better separation of compound C and D. In fractional distillation vapour evaporate and condense several times that act as repeated simple distillation leading to better separation and hence is more efficient

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