Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding are primary bonding types. Where are the el

Question

Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding are primary bonding types. Where are the electrons located in two atoms joined by a covalent bond? Why are orbitals critically important to understand covalent bond geometry? How does the transfer of electrons between atoms create an ionic bond? What type of primary bonding is the bond in diatomic F2 gas? Why? What type of primary bonding is the bond in silver metal? Why? The (111) plane of a FCC metal is close-packed. Sketch this plane and indicate where the face diagonals are located. Label any close-packed directions. c How long are the face diagonals in terms of the lattice parameter a? Consider one BCC unit cell of tantalum. How many atoms are in the unit cell? Through precise measurements, you determine that every lattice site appears to be occupied by 95% of an tantalum atom. How can this be true? Do you think this measurement took place at low' or high temperature? Why? In a different measurement on an impure BCC iron sample, you find there are 2.1 atoms per unit cell. If the measurement is correct, bow can this be true? A tensile test with notations # 1-6 is performed as shown on the formula sheet. Is this a ceramic sample? What is the mechanical property associated with point 3? Which point is closest to the proportional limit? Which point represents the modulus of elasticity? Is it reasonable to use point 3 to define the start of yield behavior? Why? Where does fracture occur?

Explanation / Answer

Q10.

a)

Atoms joined by a covalent bond are being shared, therefore they move through all electron clouds of both atoms.

b)

we require those in order to assign geometrical values for their lone pairs and bonded atoms. They will provide useful help in order to set the geometrical array (which is derived from electrostatic forces/potentials)

c)

Ionic bonding is a bond which requires electrostatic forces. Those are created when a cation is formed (i.e. an atom which donates electrons to another specie). The other species, anion, will accept the negative electrons.

So the cation is positively charged and the anion is negatively charged. There will be electrostatic forces interacting between them, which is the ionic bond

d)

F2 is a nonpolar, covalent molecule, since both fluorine atoms will share their electrons in order to complete their octet

therefore, the main interaction is covalent bonding

e)

silver metal is Ag(s) atoms by themselves, they do not bond to other atoms, so they must have metallic bonding, that is, the metal atoms will have dislocated electrons flowing through the metallic crystal network array.

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