1.What are STRs (short tandem repeats) and how are they used for DNA profiling?
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Question
1.What are STRs (short tandem repeats) and how are they used for DNA profiling? What is the difference between a coding and non-coding region of DNA?
2.Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA. When they were developing the model, it had to be compatible with the known roles of the genetic material in the cell. What are the 4 roles that the DNA must be able to do, in order to be the genetic material of the cell?
3.What are the 4 basic chemical components of DNA? How does Chargoff’s ratio explain the relationship between these components?
4.The structure of DNA is a double helix, meaning it is made up of two strands. What is the orientation of these strands? What part of the DNA molecule is the “genetic code” in other words what part of the DNA codes for proteins?
5.How does DNA copy itself through the process of replication? What is meant by semi-conservative replication?
6.What is the process of transcription? What is the role of mRNA and how does it relate to DNA?
7.What is the process of translation? What is the role of the ribosome and tRNA? How many RNA nucleotides “code” for an amino acid? How are the amino acids connected to make proteins?
8.How many amino acids are there? Is there more than one codon for each amino acid?
9.Describe how a change in DNA sequence could result in a changed sequence of amino acids in a protein.
10.What is a regulatory region in DNA and how can it control gene expression?
11.What is a transgenic organism?
Explanation / Answer
Ans1 - STRs are short tandem repeats also referred as microsatellite; these are the regions of noncoding DNA having repeats of same nucleotide sequence (usually 2-6 base pairs sequence). This property of STRs is useful in DNA profiling and identification of suspects in an investigation as they repeats up to 100 times.
Difference between coding and non-coding region of DNA
Non coding region of DNA can be transcribed into regulatory non coding DNA and origin of DNA replication. In human genome around 98% of DNA is considered as non-coding.
Coding region of DNA is composed of exons, which are mainly responsible for protein synthesis. The gene coding region of a genome collectively formed the coding region of DNA.
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