Briefly, what does the endosymbiont theory state (name organelles involved), Wha

Question

Briefly, what does the endosymbiont theory state (name organelles involved), What are three pieces of evidence for the theory? How does endosymbiosis help all organisms involved? Briefly, what does the endosymbiont theory state (name organelles involved), What are three pieces of evidence for the theory? How does endosymbiosis help all organisms involved? Briefly, what does the endosymbiont theory state (name organelles involved), What are three pieces of evidence for the theory? How does endosymbiosis help all organisms involved?

Explanation / Answer

Endosymbiotic hypothesis: The hypothesis that the plastid and mitochondrial organelles evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts within eukaryotic cells early in eukaryotic evolution. It is believed that mitochondria were evolved from a bacteria called Rickettsia rickettsii and chloroplast evolved from blue cyanobacteria.     

Endosymbiosis theory proposes that organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts have formed due to establishment of ancient bacteria inside the primitive eukaryotic cells. These bacterial cells, over years of evolution, have changed and transformed as organelles carrying out important functions for the host cells. The occurrence of endosymbiotic relationships, like infective particles, in modern species is direct evidence that endosymbiosis can happen in a spontaneous fashion even today. Hence, endosymbiotic relations that could have happened millions of years ago have evolved to form eukaryotic organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.  

The three pieces of evidence that support the theory are as follows:

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are comparable in size and morphology to prokaryotic cells.

These organelles divide by parallel splitting, rather than mitosis. The division is similar to that of binary fission of prokaryotes

The organelles have their own genome that resembles a prokaryotic genome

Membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble prokaryotic membranes

Endosymbiosis provides a mutual benefit for the organisms involved. The cell provides nutrients and a safe environment for the organelles, whereas the organelles provide energy and/or food for the host cel.

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