1. Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in bacteria is

Question

1. Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in bacteria is NOT true?

Select one:

a. Antibiotic resistance often originates from the microbes that produce antibiotics for their own survival.

b. The antibiotic resistance gene can be transmitted to bacteria via transformation or transduction.

c. Antibiotic resistance cannot be conferred by conjugation as conjugation only affects the fertility of bacteria.

d. Environments where antibiotics are frequently used such as hospitals are under the higher risk of developing antibiotic resistance.

e. The plasmid containing the antibiotic resistance gene can pass the genes to genetically unrelated bacteria.

2. You perform interrupted-mating experiments on three Hfr strains (A, B, and C). Genes are transferred (from last to first) in the following order from each strain: strain A, thi-his-gal-lac-pro; strain B, azi-leu-thr-thi-his; strain C, lac-gal-his-thi-thr. How are the F factors in these strains oriented?

Select one:

a. A and B are oriented in the same direction.

b. B and C are oriented in the same direction.

c. All of them are oriented in the same direction.

d. A and C are oriented in the same direction.

e. It cannot be determined from the information given.

3.Which of the following statements about retroviruses is false?

Select one:

a. All retroviruses contain gag genes whose product forms the viral protein coat.

b. Not all RNA viruses are retroviruses.

c. All retroviruses contain oncogenes, which can induce the formation of tumors.

d. All retroviruses require pol genes, which are critical for retrotranscription.

e. All retroviral genomes have gag, pol, and env genes.

4. Which of the following facts would NOT be considered as an advantage for using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies?

Select one:

a. Low cost to maintain and little storage space required

b. Rapid reproduction and high progeny number

c. Genomes being small and readily subjected to genetic manipulation

d. Complete absence of recombination, which maintains the integrity of genome

e. Haploid genome for expressing mutations

Explanation / Answer

1. c. Antibiotic resistance cannot be conferred by conjugation as conjugation only affects the fertility of bacteria.

Transfer of resistant genes can be occur through horizontal gene tranfer such as conjugation, or transduction or transformation.

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