Question 1: What are the building blocks that make up our genes? What are the th

Question

Question 1: What are the building blocks that make up our genes? What are the three components of the building block?

Question 2: What is mutation? Give three examples of human diseases that are caused by genetic mutation.

Question 3: What is co-dominance? Use the example of human blood group to explain this concept. Why can a person die if he or she receives the wrong type of blood?

Question 4: Some individuals have O+ or A- blood type. What is the cause of this observed difference in blood type?

Explanation / Answer

1) A gene is essentially a DNA sequence. DNA sequence consists of components like 2'-deoxyribose, inorganic phosphate, four type of bases; Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

2) Sudden heritable variation in an organisms DNA is called as mutation. Examples of diseases caused by mutations are Sickle cell anaemia, Cystic fibrosis, different types of cancers etc.

3) Co-dominance is characterized by a distinct expression of gene products of both alleles. Here the heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype.

In case of MN blood group in humans and ABO blood group Co-dominant inheritance is followed.

In case of ABO blood group, the individual having A antigen(A phenotype), B antigen (B phenotype), A and B antigens (AB phenotype)

The wrong blood react with corresponding antibody and cause clumping or agglutination of red blood cells

4) O+ blood group is characterized by the absence of A or B antigens on the red blood cells but A and B antibodies are present in plasma. A- blood group is not having Rh antigen

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