1 What type of noise is dependem ins -en what type of noise can be reduced by de
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1 What type of noise is dependem ins -en what type of noise can be reduced by decreasing temperature Decreasing the frequency used for the measurement Decreasing the bandwidth of the measurement The following data were obtained for a voltage measurement, in mv. on anoisy system 1.37,184, 13s, A) what is the signal to noise ratio? mam measurements would have to be averaged to increase siena to noise ranio to 10 6. Define b) Electronic excitation h) Emission of radiation il Photo electric effect and work function How radiation is transmitted across a medium 7. Cesium is used extensively in photocels and in television cameras because s has the lowest ionization energy of al the stable elements what is the maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron ejected from cesium by 555 nm light? Note that if the wavelength of the light used to irradiate the cesium surface becomes longer than 660 nm, then no photoelectrons 8 For the emission of radiation explain and demonstrate usingenergy level diagrams the origin of b band spectra continuum spectra 9. Calculate the reflection loss when a beam of radiant energy passes through the first airlquartz interface of an empty quartz tube, assume the refractive index of quartz is 1.55. lo calculate the wavelength of the sodium line at sa9 nminhoney which has a refractive index of 1 soExplanation / Answer
1) Flicker sound is frequency dependent sound. It is inversely proportional to frequency.
S(f) 1/f
Here f is frequency. Exponent is usually close to 1. Flicker noise is a type of electronic noise. It occurs in almost all electronic devices.
2) Thermal noise can be reduced by decreasing temperature. It is generated by the random thermal motion of charge carriers inside an electrical conductor. A communication system affected by thermal noise is often modeled as an additive white Gaussian noise channel.
The root mean square (RMS) voltage due to thermal noise Vn generated in a resistance R (ohms) over bandwidth f (hertz), is given by
Vn =
Where kB is Boltzmann's constant and T is the resistor's absolute temperature.
As the amount of thermal noise generated depends upon the temperature of the circuit, very sensitive circuits such as preamplifiers in radio telescopes are sometimes cooled in liquid nitrogen to reduce the noise level.
3) Decreasing the frequency used for the measurement of some environmental noises, depending on the frequencies of the particular noise.
4) Decreasing the bandwidths of the measurement, thermal noise and shot noise ( f ) can be reduced.
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