QUESTION 1 Assume the fitnesses are w 11 =0.8, w 12 =1.0, and w 22 =0.5 for a bi

Question

QUESTION 1

Assume the fitnesses are w11=0.8, w12=1.0, and w22=0.5 for a biallelic locus. Calculate the mean fitness when p=0.5.

2 points   

QUESTION 2

The relative fitnesses in a rat population for a gene conferring warfarin resistance have been estimated to be 0.37, 1.0 and 0.68 for genotypes RR, RS and SS, respectively. What will be the frequency of the R allele after one generation of selection in the presence of warfarin if the initial frequency of the R allele is 0.4?

2 points   

QUESTION 3

What is maintaining the high frequency of the R allele in the previous question given that the fitness of the RR genotype is 0.37?

Selection against the R allele

The high fitness of the RS genotype

The high fitness of the SS genotype

Selection against the RS genotype

2 points   

QUESTION 4

In the previous two questions concerning warfarin resistance in rats, you calculated the frequency of the R allele after one generation of selection and you determined what was maintaining the high frequency of the R allele in the population given the low fitness of the RR genotype. At equilibrium, assuming no other evolutionary processes are occurring other than selection, what will be the frequency of the R allele? You may want to do several more generations, or use PopG. If you use PopG, however, make sure you can explain your observation.

2 points   

QUESTION 5

If the initial frequency of the R allele in question 2 is 1.0, what will be the equilibrium frequency of the R allele in the presence of warfarin?

2 points   

QUESTION 6

The fitness of the 3 genotypes at a biallelic locus containing alleles F and D are wFF=0.1, wFD=0.8, and wDD=0.8. Which allele is dominant?

F

D

They are co-dominant

Impossible to tell

2 points   

QUESTION 7

The fitness of the 3 genotypes at a biallelic locus containing alleles F and D are wFF=0.1, wFD=0.8, and wDD=0.8. Is allele F the result of a beneficial, deleterious or neutral mutation?

Beneficial

Deleterious

Neutral

Impossible to tell

2 points   

QUESTION 8

Calculate the selection coefficient for the WW genotype given the following information.

Mean number of offspring for XX= 82

Mean number of offspring for XW= 65

Mean number of offspring for WW= 25

2 points   

QUESTION 9

A single gene controls the production of estrogen. High estrogen in mammals increases fertility, but also increases cancer. Alleles that confer high estrogen production may be favored in environments that have high predation, whereas alleles that confer low estrogen production may be favored in environments with low predation. This is an example of:

Frequency-dependent selection

Variable selection in time and space

Antagonistic Pleiotropy

Co-evolution

2 points   

QUESTION 10

The frequency of the h allele in the sperm of cats that are heterozygous at the H locus has been found to be 75%. This is most likely an example of:

Self-incompatibility

Meiotic Drive

Frequency dependent selection

Assortative Mating

Selection against the R allele

The high fitness of the RS genotype

The high fitness of the SS genotype

Selection against the RS genotype

Explanation / Answer

p = 0.5 so p+q = 1 , q =0.5,

mean fitness = p2 W11 + 2pq W12 + q2 W22

=(0.5)20.8 + 0.5*0.5*1 +(0.5)20.5

=0.2 +0.25 +0.125

= 0.575

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