Male swordtail fish have a colorful, elongated caudal appendage termed the sword
ID: 47574 • Letter: M
Question
Male swordtail fish have a colorful, elongated caudal appendage termed the sword, that is absent in females. The figure below represents the mean oxygen consumption (a measure of metabolic cost) for males with intact (normal) and experimentally-shortened swords in the absence and presence of females. Female-absence results represent routine swimming activities; female-present results represent courtship swimming. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found the following results: female presence: F1,20 = 12.08 and p = 0.002; sword length: F1,20 = 11.42 and p = 0.003; interaction:F1,20 = 2.69 and p = 0.116.
What is/are the independent variable(s)?
Oxygen consumption
Female presence
Sword length
Female presence and sword length
What is/are the dependent variable(s)?
Oxygen consumption
Female presence
Sword length
Female presence and sword length
The independent and dependent variable(s) is/are _____ and _____, respectively.
Continuous; continuous
Categorical; cateforical
Continuous; categorical
Categorical; continuous
Which treatment would you consider to be the control in this experiment?
Normal sword; female absent
Normal sword; female present
Short sword; female absent
Short sword; female present
What does the height of each bar represent, per group?
Mean O2 consumption
Maximum O2 consumption
Summed O2 consumption
Mean activity level
Given the reported statistical results, what is the effect of female presence on oxygen consumption by males?
A statistically significant increase
A statistically significant decrease
No statistically significant effect
Depends on sword length
Given the reported statistical results, what is the effect of a shortened sword on oxygen consumption by males?
A statistically significant increase
A statistically significant decrease
No statistically significant effect
Depends on female presence
What would be the most appropriate interpretation of a statistically significant interaction term in this example?
Effect of female presence is the same, regardless of male sword length
effect of male sword length is the same, regardless of female presence
effect of female presence depends upon male sword length, and vice versa
there is no effect of either female presence or male sword length
Is the interaction between female presence and male sword length (if any) statistically significant?
Yes, by a lot
Yes, by a little
No
Cannot be determined
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of ANOVA?
Means are equal
Variances are equal
Data are normally distributed
Data are independent
0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 Female Female absent present absent present Female Female Normal sword Shortened swordExplanation / Answer
What is/are the independent variable(s)?
Female presence and sword length
What is/are the dependent variable(s)?
Oxygen consumption
The independent and dependent variable(s) is/are _____ and _____, respectively.
Categorical and continuous
Which treatment would you consider to be the control in this experiment?
Normal sword and female present
What does the height of each bar represent, per group?
Mean O2 consumption
Given the reported statistical results, what is the effect of female presence on oxygen consumption by males?
A statistically significant increase
Given the reported statistical results, what is the effect of a shortened sword on oxygen consumption by males?
Depends on female presence
What would be the most appropriate interpretation of a statistically significant interaction term in this example?
there is no effect of either female presence or male sword length
Is the interaction between female presence and male sword length (if any) statistically significant?
Yes,by a lot
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of ANOVA?
Means are equal
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