4.3. We humans and our closest living relatives, chimps and gorillas, form a tri

Question

4.3. We humans and our closest living relatives, chimps and gorillas, form a triad of species as in the following diagram.

If we root the tree on the branch leading to the gorilla which of the following is true?

a. Humans and gorillas are sister taxa

b. Humans and chimps are sister taxa

c. Gorillas and chimps are sister taxa

d. Gorillas are more closely related to chimps

e. Charlie Sheen is a gorilla

The next two questions are based on the following tree.

The following is a phylogenetic tree for four ingroups ? lion, dog, seal, Seal ? and an outgroup (the duck billed Platypus, a Monotreme).

platypus Seal seal dog lion

4.1. If I claim that Seal and seal were a group I would be describing a

a. monophyletic group

b. paraphyletic group

c. phylogenetic group

d. synapomorphic group

e. heterozygous group

4.2. Which of the following are NOT monophyletic groups

a. dog and lion

b. seal dog and lion

c. Seal seal dog and lion

d. seal and lion

e. they are all monophyletic

Answer the following two questions.

4.4 There is an important species without fossil information and you want to know how long ago it diverged. You sequence the gene and find that it has 4 differences when compared to human. Using this rough molecular clock based on this gene

a. The species diverged 0.6 million years ago

b. The species diverged 1.6 million years ago

c. The species diverged 2.2 million years ago

d. The species diverged 2.4 million years ago

e. There is not enough information to answer the question.

4.5 A colleague hears that you have calibrated a molecular clock and she calls you telling you that she would like to use it to calibrate a divergence time using your molecular clock for a species she is interested in. She tell you that she has sequenced the species for the clock gene and the divergence of the sequence from human is 15 changes. You advise her against using your clock. Why?

a. Her species didn?t have fossil dates

b. Her species is in a different clade of organisms

c. The sequence divergence is out of the range of the clock you calibrated

d. The sequence divergence is too small to work with your clock

e. None of the above

Explanation / Answer

4.3). c. Gorillas and chimps are sister taxa

4.1). b. paraphyletic group

4.2). d. seal and lion

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