Provide an original response to two of the following questions. Then, respond to

Question

Provide an original response to two of the following questions. Then, respond to at least two of your classmates' posts. Posts should consist of short paragraphs (3-4 complete sentences minimum). Aim to create or continue conversation. Posts that are simply basic approvals or agreements of another person's post will not receive credit. Professional writing, full sentences, and proper grammar, punctuation, capitalization, etc. are required in order to receive full credit.

1. What are the differences between patents, copyrights, and trademarks?

2. Consider a firm that is considering marketing its innovation in multiple countries. What factors should this firm consider in formulating its protection strategy?

3. When will trade secrets be more useful than patents, copyrights or trademarks?

4. Can you identify a situation in which none of the legal protection mechanisms discussed (patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets) will prove useful?

5. Describe a technological innovation not discussed in the chapter, and identify where you think it lies on the control continuum between wholly proprietary and wholly open. 6. What factors do you believe influenced the choice of protection strategy used for the innovation identified above? Do you think the strategy was a good choice?

Explanation / Answer

Answer:- Patents: rights granted by the government that excludes others from producing, using, or selling an invention.
Must be useful, novel, and not be obvious. Trademarks and Service Marks: a word, phrase, symbol, design, or another indicator that is used to distinguish the source of goods from one party from goods of another. Copyright: a form of protection granted to works of authorship.

Answer:- -What protection options are available for the innovation - patent, trade secret, etc? -What industry is the innovation in, what are the common means of protection?
In some industries, legal protection mechanisms are more effective than others
E.g., in pharmaceutical patents are powerful; in electronics they might be easily invented around.
-What is the nature of the innovation? It is notoriously difficult to protect manufacturing processes and techniques.
- How do the various protection options influence the business strategy and returns (outcomes)? In some situations, diffusing a technology may be more valuable than protecting it, especially in industries characterized by increasing returns. However, once control is relinquished it is difficult to reclaim.
- What countries are planned for marketing the innovation? (Slide 9-17). There are also Patent Cooperation Treaties in some countries, and the US is somewhat unique in its approach to publication of information and patents.

Answer:- If a patent is easily invented around, it is better kept as a trade secret. Likewise with copyrights. Trade secrets are never more useful than trademarks or service marks. When not patentable, trade secret is advised, for example a recipe.

Answer:- Any product invention which, once on the market can be easily reverse-engineered or invented around. Also, any market where legal protections are ignored (piracy).

Answer:- The Linux operating System is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution.Because of the dominance of Android on smartphones, Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. The underlying source code may be used, modified and distributed?—?commercially or non-commercially?—?by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses.

Answer:- In 1991, while attending the University of Helsinki, Torvalds became curious about operating systems and frustrated by the licensing of MINIX, which at the time limited it to educational use only. He began to work on his own operating system kernel, which eventually became the Linux kernels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux. It was a fabulous choice, linux is broadly used and has many awards. Great choice for Linus as well, he only wrote 2% of the kernel, but "...earned most of his $150 Million through Linux Kernel, apart from earning an annual salary of $10 million with the position he held at Transmeta, Open Source Development Labs and Free Standard Group."

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