Read about Reinforcement Theory above and Explain why operant conditioning is im
ID: 418565 • Letter: R
Question
Read about Reinforcement Theory above and Explain why operant conditioning is important to how people learn. atleast 250 words
64 Chapter Three Learning, Motivation, and Performance putting meat powder on the dog's tongue after sounding the buzzer. If the dog salivates at buzzer, you have created a conditioned response (salivation) to a conditioned stim buzzer). Continually sounding the buzzer without offering the meat powder will ext (remove) this response. Over time, the conditioned response gradually disappears. Thro conditioning, a response to one stimulus can be transferred to another, unrelated stimul response. This situation is reflected in step 2 of Table 3-1. In step 3. , nguish ough Classical conditioning occurs frequently in the workplace, though it typically recei ow. Sparks fly from the welding machine and your eyes blink, even 2. tle attention. The noon whistle blows at the factory, and the worker's digestive juices be goggles. As you will see later, this type of learning can affect the learning environment. though you are wearing 4. Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement theory is relatively simple on the surface but can be difficult to apply. It does not provide all the answers for how needs are translated into ac- tion, but its major points are essential for understanding human behavior. The foundation for reinforcement theory comes from the work of E. L. Thorndike. beha as re s law of effect sta d, a Nega anno in away e avoided B. F. Skinner used this principle in developing The basic components of learning in operant conditioning are illustrated in Figure 3-2. A e (consequence) to the individual that is the operant conditioning model and reinforcement theory person is faced with an object or event in the environment (stimulus) and behaves in a certain way (response). That behavior results in an outcom positive or negative. In the illustration, the man has seen a book of great interest (environmen- tal stimulus) while on the way to work. He purchases the book and reads it (response) while continuing to walk to work. You can imagine the consequence. The environment provides Punis stimuli that elicit behaviors and consequences that reinforce or punish them. the er In similar situations, the consequences of past behavior affect future behavior. How will punis the man in Figure 3-2 respond to books while walking in the near future? Operant learning theory says that due to the negative consequence of falling into the hole, the man will learn to avoid reading and walking at the same time. A person's motivation (i.e, direction, magnitude, and persistence of behavior), then, is a function of her reinforcement history. Unfortunately we ar StimulusResponseConsequence those FIGURE 3-2 Behaviorist Model of LearninExplanation / Answer
Operant conditioning is a method of learning thru rewards and punishments for a particular behavior. It is an important way of learning as an individual would generally make an association between his behaviors and consequences. There is three kind of consequences - Reinforcers (Positive consequence), Punishers (negative consequence) & Neutral. A reinforcer increases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated and a punisher decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. For example - You boss comes to office at sharp 9 AM and he appreciates all the staff present before him. Also, he loathes people who are late to office and scolds them openly, As a new joiner to this company, you will tend to learn thru reinforcers/punishers that coming to office at 9 AM is important and a necessary behavior that has to be repeated over and over again. This occurrence of reinforcers/punishers will change your behavior and reaching office early would become a habit.
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