1. Consider a normal individual who quickly goes from a supine posture to an ere

Question

1.     Consider a normal individual who quickly goes from a supine posture to an erect one. Predict the changes (increase/decrease/no change) that will occur in the following cardiovascular parameters. Choose 2 (two) and give a complete reason for your answer. Citations are not required, but may be instrumental for making your case with your answer. (4 points, 2 point for each. Be complete in your explanation)

        a. Stroke Volume (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

        b. Heart Rate (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

        c. Cardiac Output (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

        d. Total Peripheral Resistance (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

        e. Pressure at the root (beginning) of the aorta (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

        f. Arterial pressure in foot (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

        g. Capillary pressure in foot (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

        h. Arterial pressure in cerebral blood vessels (increase/decrease/no change) - Why?

Explanation / Answer

A change in positin from a rest to standing errect requires work of the muscles, muscles of the legs, spine, back all together work to pull oneself up against the gravitational pull. this requires energy thus the heart rate increases so as to supply blood to the working muscles and against the downward pull of gravity.

As the rate of the heart increases the cardiac output will also proportionally increase. cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in a minute. For each minute if the heart rate increases due to change in postion from rest to standing , then the amount of blood pumped will also be equally increased, thus there is an increase in cardiac output as well.

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