We will use structs to represent bank accounts and money respectively, and write

Question

We will use structs to represent bank accounts and money respectively, and write functions that allow us to interact with our accounts.

Requirements:

• Name your source code file program1.cpp

• Create two structures and name the types Account and Money.

• The Money struct has two variables. – One represents how many dollars you have. – The other represents how many cents you have.

• The Account struct has three variables. – A Money struct that will represent how much money is in the account – One variable to represent the interest rate as a decimal value. – The final variable will contain the name of the account. (Checking, Savings, CD, etc.)

• Negative amounts of Money are stored by making both variables of the Money object negative

• Use the following function prototypes – Account createAccount() * The function shall prompt the user for an account name, interest rate, and starting balance in that order *

The prompts shall appear as follows: Let’s set up your account. First, what’s the name of the account? What is the interest rate of your [NAME] account? Finally, what is the starting balance of your [NAME] account? $ · [NAME] shall be replaced with the name of the account * You may NOT assume that the name of the account contains only a single word *

You may assume the user will always type an interest rate as a decimal value (e.g., 0.05) * You may also assume that a positive and valid (whole number or no more than two decimal places) amount of money will be entered – Account deposit(Account account, Money deposit) *

The function shall not accept negative amounts of money · If a negative amount of money is attempted to be deposited, an error message will be displayed, and the original account will be returned *

A message shall be printed to the screen that takes the form “$X.XX deposited into [NAME].” only if a successful deposit is made. · The message appears on its own line · [NAME] shall be replaced with the name of the account * The balance of the account shall be updated accordingly – Money withdraw(Account &account, Money withdraw) *

The function shall not accept negative amounts of money · If a negative amount of money is attempted to be withdrawn, an error message will be displayed, and a Money object equivalent to $0.00 will be returned * You may allow the account to be overdrawn, but by no more than $50.00 *

A message shall be printed to the screen that takes the form “$X.XX withdrawn from [NAME].” whether or not a successful withdrawl is made. · The message appears on its own line · [NAME] shall be replaced with the name of the account * The balance of the account shall be updated accordingly – void accrue(Account &account) *

A message shall be printed to the screen that takes the form ”At X.XX%, your [NAME] account earned $X.XX.” · The message appears on its own line · [NAME] shall be replaced with the name of the account – void print([SINGLE PARAMETER]) x2 * The function shall be overloaded to accept either a Money object or an Account object * The functions shall print ONLY the amount of money · This means no extra phrases like ”You have blah blah” *

The amount of money shall be printed with a ‘$’, a decimal point, and only 2 decimal digits * There shall be no extra whitespace before or after the amount of money when it is printed * Negative amounts of money shall be represented in the following manner: ($X.XX) • A sample run of your program shall look like this: NOTE: “Savings,” “Checking,” & “Roth IRA” are the values of the Account data member name for each Account object

NOTE: All money values are printed using one of the overloaded print() functions x111x111:˜$ ./hw01 In Savings, you have $50.00. In Checking, you have $10.00. Let’s set up your account. First, what’s the name of the account? Roth IRA What is the interest rate of your Roth IRA account? 0.07

Finally, what is the starting balance of your Roth IRA account? $555.55 In your Roth IRA, you have $555.55. $50.00 deposited into Savings You now have $100.00 in your Savings account. $14.99 withdrawn from Checking. Withdrew $14.99 for HBO Now, you now have ($4.99) At 7.00%, your Roth IRA account earned $38.89. You now have $594.44 in your Roth IRA. At 7.00%, your Roth IRA account earned $41.61. You now have $636.05 in your Roth IRA. An unexpected expense appears! $200.00 Attempting to withdraw from Savings. $150.00 withdrawn from Savings. It’s not very effective. You now have ($50.00) in your Savings account. Attempting some bad withdraws and deposits Cannot make negative deposit. Cannot make negative withdrawl. 0.00 withdrawn fromm Roth IRA.

x111x111:˜$ ./hw01 • You must use both overloads of the print() function in your main() function

Hints: • The functions listed in the Requirements are required (shocker!), but you may find it useful to write other “helper” functions • Converting a double to a Money object can cause rounding errors – You may want to look up the round() function • Converting an amount of money to an equivalent amount of pennies makes a lot of logical work go away • Take note of what statements are required to be printed from within functions, the rest are printed in the main() function • You can create a file that holds user inputs and use it to streamline your testing.

Explanation / Answer

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
struct Money
{
int dollars;
int cents;
};

struct Account
{
Money balance;
double rate;
string name;
};

Account createAccount();
Account deposit(Account &account, Money deposit);
Money withdraw(Account &account, Money withdraw);
void accrue(Account &account);
void print(Account account);
void print(Money m);

//helper functions to convert to / from double to money
Money doubleToMoney(double amount);
double moneyToDouble(Money m);

int main()
{
cout << fixed << setprecision(2) ;
Account s = {{50,0}, 0.03, "Savings"};
Account c = {{10,0}, 0.05, "Checking"};
  
print(s);
print(c);
Account acc1 = createAccount();
print(acc1);
  
deposit(s, Money{50,0});
withdraw(c, Money{14, 99});
  
accrue(acc1);
withdraw(s, Money{150, 0});
  
Money w = withdraw(acc1, {-50,0});
print(w);
cout << " withdrawn from your " << acc1.name << endl;
  
return 0;
}

Money doubleToMoney(double amount)
{
Money m;
int cents = amount * 100;
m.dollars = cents / 100;
m.cents = cents % 100;
return m;
}

double moneyToDouble(Money m)
{
return m.dollars + m.cents / 100.0;
}

Account createAccount()
{
Account a;
double bal;
cout << "Let's set up your account." << endl;
cout << "First, what's the name of the account? " ;
getline(cin, a.name);
cout << "What is the interest rate of your " << a.name << " account? ";
cin >> a.rate;
cout << "Finally, what is the starting balance of your " << a. name << " account? $";
cin >> bal;
a.balance = doubleToMoney(bal);
return a;
}

Account deposit(Account &account, Money deposit)
{
if(deposit.dollars < 0 || deposit.cents < 0)
{
cout << "Deposit amount can not be -ve" << endl;
}
else
{
double newBalance = moneyToDouble(account.balance) + moneyToDouble(deposit);
account.balance = doubleToMoney(newBalance);
cout << "$" << moneyToDouble(deposit) << " deposited into " << account.name << endl << endl;
cout << "You now have " ; print(account.balance);
cout << " in your " << account.name << " account " << endl;
}
return account;
}

Money withdraw(Account &account, Money withdraw)
{
if(withdraw.dollars < 0 || withdraw.cents < 0)
{
cout << "Withdrawal amount can not be -ve" << endl;
withdraw = Money{0,0};
}
else
{
cout << "Attempting to withdraw "; print(withdraw) ;
cout << " from " << account.name << endl;
double w = moneyToDouble(withdraw);
double a = moneyToDouble(account.balance);
if(a < w)
{
withdraw = doubleToMoney(a);
}
double newBalance = a - w;
account.balance = doubleToMoney(newBalance);
cout << "$" << moneyToDouble(withdraw) << " withdrawn from " << account.name << endl << endl;
cout << "You now have " ; print(account.balance);
cout << " in your " << account.name << " account " << endl;
}
  
return withdraw;
}

void accrue(Account &account)
{
double amt = moneyToDouble(account.balance);
double earning = account.rate * amt;
cout << "At " << (account.rate *100)<< "% your " << account.name << " earned $" << earning << endl;
account.balance = doubleToMoney(amt + earning);
}

void print(Account account)
{
cout << " In your " << account.name << ", you have ";
print(account.balance);
cout << endl;
  
}

void print(Money m)
{
double a = moneyToDouble(m);
if(m.dollars < 0 || m.cents < 0)
{
cout << "($" << -a << ")";
}
else
cout << "$" << a ;

}

output
=====
In your Savings, you have $50.00
In your Checking, you have $10.00
Let's set up your account.
First, what's the name of the account? Roth IRA
What is the interest rate of your Roth IRA account? 0.07
Finally, what is the starting balance of your Roth IRA account? $555.55
In your Roth IRA, you have $555.54
$50.00 deposited into Savings

You now have $100.00 in your Savings account
Attempting to withdraw $14.99 from Checking
$10.00 withdrawn from Checking

You now have ($4.99) in your Checking account
At 7.00% your Roth IRA earned $38.89
Attempting to withdraw $150.00 from Savings
$100.00 withdrawn from Savings

You now have ($50.00) in your Savings account
Withdrawal amount can not be -ve
$0.00 withdrawn from your Roth IRA

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