The Internet Protocol version 4 has been a tremendous factor contributing to the
ID: 3874328 • Letter: T
Question
The Internet Protocol version 4 has been a tremendous factor contributing to the growth of the Internet.
Using the Online Library, the Internet, and all course materials, research the Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6.
Describe what you believe are the important differences between IP version 4 and IP version 6.
What do you envision are the specific challenges for an organization associated with migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 and why?
What would be your criteria if you worked for a large organization and needed to make the decision to migrate to IPv6 and why?
Would dynamic addressing and private IP addresses be a factor in your decision to implement IPv6? Why or why not?
In your own words, post a substantive response to the Discussion Board question(s) and comment on other postings. Your response should address the DB question(s) and move the conversation forward. You will be graded on the quality of your postings, including mastery of the concept as well as critical thinking. If asked for your opinion, do not simply state that it is a good or bad idea; elaborate on your reasons and argument. Include enough detail to substantiate your thinking as well as your position on the questions or comments.
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials.
Explanation / Answer
Question
The Internet Protocol version 4 has been a tremendous factor contributing to the growth of the Internet.
Using the Online Library, the Internet, and all course materials, research the Internet Protocol version 4 and version 6.
Describe what you believe are the important differences between IP version 4 and IP version 6.
What do you envision are the specific challenges for an organization associated with migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 and why?
What would be your criteria if you worked for a large organization and needed to make the decision to migrate to IPv6 and why?
Would dynamic addressing and private IP addresses be a factor in your decision to implement IPv6? Why or why not?
Answer:
What is IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the protocol version that made the Internet successful. IPv4 together with Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), is the foundation for internetworking methods of the Internet. Computers on the Internet talk to each other through IPv4. Each computer on the Internet has its own public IPv4 address, similar to a phone number: for example, 121.173.172.121. ,and this will direct you to the target site requested on the Internet by a public IPv4 address.
What is IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next-generation Internet Protocol version designated as the successor to IPv4. The 32 bit IPv4 addresses will be replaced by the new 128 bit IPv6 addresses and provides enough addresses for the Internet to expand further without problems. IPv6 will improve service all around the globe; for example, by providing future cell phones and mobile devices with their own unique and permanent addresses.
Why we need to migrate
As the number of inter-connected computers, the cloud, use of BYODs and other devices grow dramatically, the need for change will drive service providers to make the switch. The difference between IPv4 and IPv6 is in the address format where IPv4 use 32 bit (4 bytes) address while IPv6 uses 128 bit (16 bytes). IPv6 allows for much longer address(s) so it is possible to technically over come the IPv4 address depletion issues and include service features without rewriting the protocol.
Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 in an instant is impossible because of the huge size of the Internet and of the great number of IPv4 users. Moreover, many organizations are becoming more and more dependent on the Internet for their daily work, and they therefore cannot tolerate downtime for the replacement of the IP protocol. As a result, there will not be one special day on which IPv4 will be turned off and IPv6 turned on because the two protocols can coexist without any problems. The migration from IPv4 to IPv6 must be implemented node by node by using autoconfiguration procedures (see Section 6.7) to eliminate the need to configure IPv6 hosts manually. This way, users can immediately benefit from the many advantages of IPv6 while maintaining the possibility of communicating with IPv4 users or peripherals. Consequently, there is no reason to delay updating to IPv6!
The key goals of the migration are as follow:
IPv6 and IPv4 hosts must interoperate.
The use of IPv6 hosts and routers must be distributed over the Internet in a simple and progressive way, with a little interdependence.
Network administrators and end users must think that the migration is easy to understand and implement. A set of mechanisms called SIT (Simple Internet Transition) has been implemented; it includes protocols and management rules to simplify the migration.
The main characteristics of SIT are the following:
Possibility of a progressive and nontraumatic transition: IPv4 hosts and routers can be updated to IPv6, one at a time, without requiring other hosts or routers to be updated simultaneously.
Minimum requirements for updating: The only requirement for updating hosts to IPv6 is the availability of a DNS server to manage IPv6 addresses. No requirements are needed for routers.
Addressing simplicity: When a router or a host is updated to IPv6, it can also continue to use IPv4 addresses. 56982_CH12I 12/12/97 4:01 PM Page 228 The Migration from IPv4 to IPv6 229
Low initial cost: No preparatory work is necessary to begin the migration to IPv6. Mechanisms used by SIT include the following: A structure of IPv6 addresses that allows the derivation of IPv6 addresses from IPv4 addresses.
The availability of the dual stack on hosts and on routers during the transition—that is, the presence of both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks at the same time.
A technique to encapsulate IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets (tunneling) to allow IPv6 packets to traverse clouds not yet updated to IPv6.
An optional technique that consists of translating IPv6 headers into IPv4 headers and vice versa to allow, in an advanced phase of the migration, IPv4-only nodes to communicate with IPv6-only nodes
Things you should know before migrating from IPv4 to IPv6
Internet Service Provider (ISP) – Make sure your ISP is providing IPv6 services – For web and email you can run them dual-stack, create A and AAAA records for them, and they should work. Things like logfile analysis need to be made v6-aware. Ideally you need IPv6 PTR records, especially for email.
Network Infrastructures– Your routers need to support IPv6. If not, you can run a 6to4 tunnel but that’s not really production grade unless you have a contract with a tunnel provider. Generally, computers and routers etc. have been IPv6-capable for a while. Switches don’t care.
The Firewalls – You need to duplicate your firewall rules in IPv6. If you are running NAT because you could not get enough IPv4 addresses, you could just drop it and run v6. If you are relying on NAT for security, you need to add firewall rules.
DHCP– IPv6 routers advertise routes and addresses so everything gets online, but you need DHCP6 to tell them what DNS to use. You can end up with things working but not having well-defined addresses – i.e. you can lose track of what’s on your network unless you keep track of what ports everything’s plugged into and do MAC authentication on wifi.
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