1.Modes of operation? Hardware support that allows us to differentiate among var
ID: 3850635 • Letter: 1
Question
1.Modes of operation? Hardware support that allows us to differentiate among various modes of execution.
2.How is the process represented in memory? What information is stored in it?
3.How do apps and devices call the OS?
4.What is API?
5.What is time-slice? How is the end of the time slice indicated?
6.How is a process executed? What is the state of a process? How many states are there?
7.What is the context of a process? What is a context switch? What happens when a context switch needs to happen?
8.What is the most important program in the OS? What SW does it contain?
9.Two types of processes – independent & cooperating.
10.Two models of IPC – Shared memory & Message passing – synchronous (blocking) and asynchronous (non-blocking)
11.OS services: What are the services provided?
12.What are Threads? User threads and Kernel threads? Models of threading.
13.Kernel threads are expensive to create. Issues with user-level threads – blocking.
14.What do threads share?
15.Concurrent systems and Parallel systems.
16.Race condition? Effects of a race condition. How do you prevent it. HW and SW solutions – mutex. Acquiring & releasing a mutex. Where do you place a mutex.
17.Interrupts. What are they?
18.Deadlock? Resource allocation graph. Prevention.
Explanation / Answer
1)
there is basically 2 modes of operations.
1. Kernel mode: This is a system mode which is a privileged mode. In this mode it can execute any instructions and reference any memory addresses.
2. User mode: is a non-privileged mode in which each process (i.e., a running instance of a program) starts out. This is not a privileged mode.
All processes begin execution in user mode, and they switch to kernel mode only when obtaining a service provided by the kernel.
2) When a program is converted into process,a process is created by creating a structure PCB or Process Control Block on the main memory.
PCB contains:
i) Process counter
ii) Prprocess scheduling state(ready/sustended)
iii) Process state(ready,run,wait)
iv) CPU registers:
v) IO status information
vi procrss number
and few more
3)
Kernel call is often known as System call. A system call is the programmatic way in which a computer program put a request from the operating system. A kernel call is requesrd on hardware-related services such as creation of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling. System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.
4) API is like a black box that allow the creation of applications which access the features or data of an API (operating system), application, or other service.
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