1. IP subnets (plz dont send spam if you dont know it) Are the two IP addresses

Question

1. IP subnets (plz dont send spam if you dont know it)

Are the two IP addresses 129.127.8.8 and 129.127.104.8 in the same subnet? Explain your answer.

Are the two IP addresses 129.127.8.8/24 and 129.127.104.8/24 in the same subnet? Explain your answer.

2. - Allocating Addresses

Two routers are directly connected to each other through some medium. What are the constraints on the IP addresses for the interfaces at each router?

What IP netmask would you use with these two routers to make the most efficient use of IP addresses?

3 - IP Checksum

The IP checksum only covers the header not the data. Why might that might be a reasonable design?

Explanation / Answer

1. For the first question, i have a trick to find out if the ip address belongs to same subnet.

lets try it out:

Convert both the ip adress to binary:

129.127.8.8 = 10000001 01111111 00001000 0000|1000

129.127.104.8 = 10000001 01111111 01101000 0000|1000

The first 28 bits are the network part which I have marked with a vertical bar. Then we have 4 host bits. So the 28 first bits are compared to if these hosts belong to the same subnet. This can be described as bitwise AND. Because the first 28 bits are identical this must mean that these hosts are part of the same subnet.

Now for the 2nd part, we have /24 which signifies that we have 255.255.255.0 as our netmask.

But still both the IP's are not in same subnet.

3)t's a matter of speed: the Internet backbone routers direct millions of packets per second and calculating a checksum over the entire contents would drastically slow down the packet processing.

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