1-Th technology that make up the core functionality of Windows Server 2012 inclu
ID: 3823702 • Letter: 1
Question
1-Th technology that make up the core functionality of Windows Server 2012 include NTFS, Active Directory, the Microsoft Server
Manager, file and printer sharing, networking components and lls. Explain, in your own words, the nature and function of these
technologies.
2-Windows Server Core is a new installation option in Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter editions. The traditional Windows GUl is
not available in Server Core. Initial configuration tasks, such as changing the server name and setting IP address information, must
be done from command line. What are the advantages of using Windows Server Core?
3-What role does DNS play in relation to Active Directory (AD)?
4-Briefly explain, in your own words, the nature and function of a domain, tree and forest in windows networking.
5-What is multimaster replication among domain controllers? Explain.
please Answer these four questions as it asked!
thanks
Explanation / Answer
1. NTFS- NT file system; sometimes New Technology File System
It is the file system that the Windows NT operating system uses for storing and retrieving files on a hard disk. NTFS is the Windows NT equivalent of the Windows 95 file allocation table (FAT) and the OS/2 High Performance File System (HPFS). However, NTFS offers a number of improvements over FAT and HPFS in terms of performance, extendibility, and security.
features of NTFS include:
A.Use of a b-tree directory scheme to keep track of file clusters.
B.Information about a file's clusters and other data is stored with each cluster, not just a governing table.
C.Support for very large files.
D.An access control list (ACL) that lets a server administrator control who can access specific files.
E.Integrated file compression.
ACTIVE DIRECTORY-
Active Directory (AD) is a directory service that Microsoft developed for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services.Initially, Active Directory was only in charge of centralized domain management. Starting with Windows Server 2008, however, Active Directory became an umbrella title for a broad range of directory-based identity-related services.
SERVER MANAGER--
Windows Server 2008 R2 eases the task of managing and securing multiple server roles in an enterprise with the Server Manager console. Server Manager in Windows Server 2008 R2 provides a single source for managing a server's identity and system information, displaying server status, identifying problems with server role configuration, and managing all roles installed on the server.
FILE SHARING - When this is turned on, Windows Firewall allows standard users to choose whether to share files or folders in their profiles, that is, files and folders under %systemroot%Users%username%. Administrators can share any file or folder on the computer.
PRINTER SHARING -Turning this on shares the printers which are installed on this computer so they can be used from other computers on the network. Selecting the Printer Sharing option automatically selects the File Sharing option, which is required.
NETWORK COMPONENTS -
Computer networks share common devices, functions, and features including servers, clients, transmission media, shared data, shared printers and other hardware and software resources, network interface card(NIC), local operating system(LOS), and the network operating system (NOS)
a.Servers - Servers are computers that hold shared files, programs, and the network operating system. Servers provide access to network resources to all the users of the network. There are many different kinds of servers, and one server can provide several functions. For example, there are file servers, print servers, mail servers, communication servers, database servers, fax servers and web servers, to name a few.
b.Clients - Clients are computers that access and use the network and shared network resources. Client computers are basically the customers(users) of the network, as they request and receive services from the servers.
c.Transmission Media - Transmission media are the facilities used to interconnect computers in a network, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. Transmission media are sometimes called channels, links or lines.
LLS-
License Logging Service (LLS) is a tool that was originally designed to help customers manage licenses for Microsoft server products that are licensed in the Server Client Access License (CAL) model. LLS was introduced with Windows NT Server 3.51. By default, LLS is disabled in Windows Server 2003. Because of original design constraints and evolving license terms and conditions, LLS cannot provide an accurate view of the total number of CALs that are purchased as compared to the total number of CALs that are used on a single server or across the enterprise. The CALs that are reported by LLS may conflict with the interpretation of the End User License Agreement (EULA) and with Product Usage Rights (PUR). LLS will not be included in future versions of the Windows operating system.
2. Advantages of Windows server core -
a.Greater stability- Because a Server Core installation has fewer running processes and services than a Full installation, the overall stability of Server Core is greater. Fewer things can go wrong, and fewer settings can be configured incorrectly.
b.Simplified management- Because there are fewer things to manage on a Server Core installation, it's easier to configure and support a Server Core installation than a Full one—once you get the hang of it.
c.Reduced maintenance-Because Server Core has fewer binaries than a Full installation, there's less to maintain. For example, fewer hot fixes and security updates need to be applied to a Server Core installation. Microsoft analyzed the binaries included in Server Core and the patches released for Windows Server 2000 and Windows Server 2003 and found that if a Server Core installation option had been available for Windows Server 2000, approximately 60 percent of the patches required would have been eliminated, while for Windows Server 2003, about 40 percent of them would have.
d.Reduced memory and disk requirements- A Server Core installation on x86 architecture, with no roles or optional components installed and running at idle, has a memory footprint of about 180 megabytes (MB), compared to about 310 MB for a similarly equipped Full installation of the same edition. Disk space needs differ even more—a base Server Core installation needs only about 1.6 gigabytes (GB) of disk space compared to 7.6 GB for an equivalent Full installation. Of course, that doesn't account for the paging files and disk space needed to archive old versions of binaries when software updates are applied. See Chapter 2 for more information concerning the hardware requirements for installing Server Core.
e.Reduced attack surface- Because Server Core has fewer system services running on it than a Full installation does, there's less attack surface (that is, fewer possible vectors for malicious attacks on the server). This means that a Server Core installation is more secure than a similarly configured Full installation.
3. DNS Support for Active Directory Architecture -
Active Directory is dependent on DNS as a domain controller location mechanism and uses DNS domain naming conventions in the architecture of Active Directory domains. There are three components in the dependency of Active Directory on DNS:
Domain controller locator (Locator) -- The Windows Server 2003 or later domain controller locator, implemented in the Net Logon service, enables a client to locate a domain controller. The component contains the DNS–compatible and the Windows NT 4.0–compatible locators that provide interoperability in a mixed Windows Server 2003 or later – and Windows NT 4.0–based environment
Active Directory domain names in DNS -- Every Windows Server 2003 or later Active Directory domain has a DNS domain name (for example, contoso.com), and every Windows Server 2003 or later based computer has a DNS name. Architecturally, domains and computers are represented both as objects in Active Directory and as nodes in DNS
Active Directory DNS objects -- When DNS data is stored in Active Directory, each DNS zone is an Active Directory container object (class dnsZone). The dnsZone object contains a DNS node object (class dnsNode) for every unique name within that zone. These unique names include the variations assigned to a specific host computer when it functions, for example, as a primary domain controller or as a global catalog server.
4. DOMAINS - Domains are container objects. Domains are a collection of administratively defined objects that share a common directory database, security policies, and trust relationships with other domains. In this way, each domain is an administrative boundary for objects. A single domain can span multiple physical locations or sites and can contain millions of objects.
TREES - Domain trees are collections of domains that are grouped together in hierarchical structures. When you add a domain to a tree, it becomes a child of the tree root domain. The domain to which a child domain is attached is called the parent domain.
A child domain might in turn have its own child domain. The name of a child domain is combined with the name of its parent domain to form its own unique Domain Name System (DNS) name such as Corp.nwtraders.msft. In this manner, a tree has a contiguous namespace.
FOREST - A forest is a complete instance of Active Directory. Each forest acts as a top-level container in that it houses all domain containers for that particular Active Directory instance. A forest can contain one or more domain container objects, all of which share a common logical structure, global catalog, directory schema, and directory configuration, as well as automatic two-way transitive trust relationships.
5. MULTIMASTER REPLICATION -
Active Directory supports multimaster replication , which is replication in which any domain controller can send or receive updates of information stored in Active Directory. Replication processing is performed on a per-property basis, which means that only relevant changes are propagated. Replication processing differs from DNS full zone transfers, in which the entire zone is propagated. Replication processing also differs from incremental zone transfers, in which the server transfers all changes made since the last change. With Active Directory replication, however, only the final result of all changes to a record is sent.
When you store a primary zone in Active Directory, the zone information is replicated to all domain controllers within the Active Directory domain. Every DNS server running on a domain controller is then authoritative for that zone and can update it.
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