Lab Guidelines: Lab write-ups are generally due one week after completion-both s
ID: 3812594 • Letter: L
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Lab Guidelines: Lab write-ups are generally due one week after completion-both soft and Hard Copies Group lab write-ups are encouraged. The sections to include: introduction and explanation, data collected, diagrams [if needed] conclusions. OBIECTIVE: The student will become familiar with fiber optical networks. Answer these questions [on fiber optical networks] in the form of an enlightening memo: Why are fiber optical networks important? Please list several types with examples What is optical fiber made of? What are the two categories of fiber that are being used now days? What are the connectors of fiber optic cable? Is there any differentiation for transmit and receive? Is there any transmission degradation that takes place with optical transmission and what kind?Explanation / Answer
Importance
There are many advantages for optical fiber networks.They are
1.Have a far larger bandwidth than metal cables. this implies that they will carry more information.
2.Are less affected by interference than metal cables.
3.Are thinner and lighter than metal wires.
4.Data are often transmitted digitally (the natural type for computer data) rather than analogically
Made of
Turns out they can be made of just glass, glass plus polymers, or just polymers ("plastic optical fibers" -POF-).
The most basic optical fiber consist of: An inner cylinder with high refractive index, called the core.
A middle cylinder with a lower refractive index, called the cladding.
There are two basic types of fiber: multimode fiber and single-mode fiber.
Multimode fiber is best designed for short transmission distances, and is suited for use in LAN systems and video surveillance.
Single-mode fiber is best designed for longer transmission distances, making it suitable for long-distance telephony and multichannel television broadcast systems.
Types of Connectors
1.ST (an AT&T Trademark) is probably still the most popular connector for multimode networks , like most buildings and campuses. It has a
bayonet mount and a long cylindrical 2.5 mm ceramic (usually) or polymer ferrule to hold the fiber. Most ferrules are ceramic, but some are metal or plastic.
2.SC connector. ... (Standard Connector, Subscriber Connector) A fiber-optic cable connector that uses a push-pull latching mechanism similar to common audio and video cables.
For bi-directional transmission, two fiber cables and two SC connectors (Dual SC) are used.
3.FC Connectors: Used mainly by the telecommunications industry from which they derive, they use threaded couplings and 2.5 mm ferrules. Some variations of the connector use tunable keying to achieve the lowest loss.
Tuning allows one ferrule to be rotated in relation to the other to minimize losses. The connector is keyed so that connectors will always mate in the tuned position.
4.FDDI-MIC Connectors and ESCON Connectors: Designed to meet the specifications of the ANSI X3.166
FDDI PMD (physical medium dependent) document, this duplex connector uses a side-latching mechanism and two 2.5 mm ferrules, as well as a fixed protective shroud to protect the ferrules.
The connectors can be keyed according to fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) specifications, and also can be used for non-FDDI applications.
5.ESCON connectors, used in IBM ESCON channel interfaces, are similar to the FDDI-MIC connectors, but use retractable shrouds.
6.Plastic Fiber Connectors: These are available at low cost for fast termination to the cable, even at the expense of low loss.
Most connectors require no epoxy, allow end finish to be achieved by trimming the fiber with a hot knife, and require little or no polishing.
7.MT-RJ Connectors: The MT-RJ is a two-fiber connector that resembles a standard telephone plug. The resemblance is intentional, as the connector is aimed at replacing the ST and SC
types in wiring closets and at the desk. The connector fits in the same cutout as an RJ-45 jack, allowing fiber to be installed in network equipment,
patch panels and wall plates without space penalties. The connector features a single, snagless latch. Rather than the typical fiber mating scheme that uses two plugs joined in a coupling adapter,
the MT-RJ connector offers a true plug-to-receptacle mating technique. Plugs on the patch cable plug into a jack on the panel or faceplate.
Fibers are terminated directly to the back of the jack with an epoxyless and no-polish termination.
8.High-Density Array Connectors: Multifiber array connectors such as LIGHTRAY MPX and MPO, and fiber-ribbon cable have been gaining in popularity
. MT-style connectors, which use a small ferrule to hold 4, 8, 12 or 72+ fibers, provide the high-density interface required for high-bandwidth communications.
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