Read chapter 23 of Big Java 6 th Ed. (provided as a PDF file on BlackBoard) and

Question

Read chapter 23 of Big Java 6th Ed. (provided as a PDF file on BlackBoard) and provide short answers to the following questions. Submit your answers in a text document (plain text or Microsoft Word format, please).

1. How does a computer get an IP address from the DNS name to use when addressing IP packets?

2. How do the IP protocol, the TCP protocol, and the HTTP protocol function together?

3. How is a Socket object and a URLConnection object used? How do they operate differently, and what is different between them?

Explanation / Answer

1.

DNS is what translates your familiar domain name (www.google.com) into an IP address your browser can use (173.194.33.174). This system is fundamental to the performance of your webpage, yet most people don’t fully understand how it works.

Before the page and any resource on the page is loaded, the DNS must be resolved so the browser can establish a TCP connection to make the HTTP request. In addition, for every external resource referenced by a URL, the DNS resolution must complete the same steps (per unique domain) before the request is made over HTTP. The DNS Resolution process starts when the user types a URL address on the browser and hits Enter. At this point, the browser asks the operating system for a specific page, in this case google.com.

2.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that utilizes TCP to transfer its information between computers (usually Web servers and clients). The client makes an HTTP request to the Web server using a Web browser, and the Web server sends the requested information (website) to the client.

IP is required to connect all networks; TCP is a mechanism that allows us to transfer data safely; and HTTP, which utilizes TCP to transfer its data, is a specific protocol used by Web servers and clients.

The term "TCP/IP" stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol and refers to a number of protocols. The "IP" part of the term, which stands for Internet Protocol, is used by TCP and UDP, to transport them from one network to another. Think of IP as a sort of high-way that allows other protocols to get on and find their way to other computers. TCP and UDP are the "trucks" on the highway, and the "load" they are carrying are protocols such as HTTP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and more.

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