From here- https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B5Ht323Vz1YiUnExTEpnYnpKSkU What ar

Question

From here- https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B5Ht323Vz1YiUnExTEpnYnpKSkU

What are requirement elicitation and analysis? Why are they difficult in some projects?

What are the Unit test, Integration test, Regression test, Acceptance test, and Ad hoc test? What typical examples do these tests have? (For example, testing a function in a class is an example of unit test)

What are UpperCASE and LowerCASE tools? What is their difference?

What is source level debugger?

What is repository in version control?

Explanation / Answer

1) What are requirement elicitation and analysis? Why are they difficult in some projects?

Requirement elicitation is the process of discovering, reviewing, documenting, and understanding the user's needs and constraints for the system.

Requirement analysis is the process of obtaining, classifying, and structuring the information carried by requirement engineer when trying to understand the whole parts of problem and relation.

In some projects, users specify unnecessary technical detail that may confuse, rather than clarify overall system objectives. Also, the customers/users are not completely sure of what is needed, have a poor understanding of the capabilities and limitations of their computing environment and they do not understand that the requirements change over time. Thus, making requirement elicitation and analysis a difficult task.

2) What are the Unit test, Integration test, Regression test, Acceptance test, and Ad hoc test? What typical examples do these tests have?

Unit testing is a software testing method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for use.

Typical example:

For example you are testing a function; whether loop or statement in a program is working properly or not than this is called as unit testing. A beneficial example of a framework that allows automated unit testing is JUNIT (a unit testing framework for java).

Integration test

When individual software modules are merged and tested as a group than it is known as integration testing.

Integration testing is executed to establish whether the components interact with each other consort to the specification or not. Integration testing in large refers to joining all the components resulting in the complete system.

Typical example:

Checking that a Payroll system interacts as required with the Human Resource system.

Regression test

When a bug is fixed by the development team than testing the other features of the applications which might be affected due to the bug fix is known as regression testing.

Typical Example

For example, there are three Modules in the Project named Admin Module, Personal Information, and Employment Module and suppose bug occurs in the Admin Module like on Admin Module existing User is not able to login with valid login credentials so this is the bug.

Now Testing team sends the above - mentioned Bug to the Development team to fix it and when development team fixes the Bug and hand over to Testing team than testing team checks that fixed bug does not affect the remaining functionality of the other modules (Admin, PI, Employment) and also the functionality of the same module (Admin) so this is known as the process of regression testing.

Acceptance test

Acceptance Testing is a level of the software testing where a system is tested for acceptability. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the business requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery.

Typical Example

The Client tests the system, to certify the system with respect to the requirements that was agreed upon.

Ad hoc test

Ad hoc testing is an informal and improvisational approach to assessing the viability of a product. An ad hoc test is usually only conducted once unless a defect is found. Commonly used in software development, ad hoc testing is performed without a plan of action and any actions taken are not typically documented.

Typical example

Handling the attempt to enter & save data that is more than the maximum required rules and/or negative values in fields such as dates, age, etc.

3) What are UpperCASE and LowerCASE tools? What is their difference?

CASE stands for Computer Aided Software Engineering.CASE tools are set of software application programs, which are used to automate SDLC activities.

Upper CASE Tools - Upper CASE tools are used in planning, analysis and design stages of SDLC.

Lower CASE Tools - Lower CASE tools are used in implementation, testing and maintenance.

Difference between Upper CASE and Lower CASE

Upper CASE Tools support business and analysis modeling. They support traditional diagrammatic languages such as ER diagrams, Data flow diagram, Structure charts, Decision Trees, Decision tables, etc.

Lower CASE Tools support development activities, such as physical design, debugging, construction, testing, component integration, maintenance, and reverse engineering.

4) What is source level debugger?

A debugger that shows the programmer the line or expression in the source code that resulted in a particular machine code instruction of a running program loaded in memory. This helps the programmer to analyse a program's behaviour in the high-level terms like source-level flow control constructs, procedure calls, named variables, etc., instead of machine instructions and memory locations.

Source-level debugging also makes it possible to step through execution a line at a time and set source-level breakpoints.

5) What is repository in version control?

A repository is an on-disk data structure which stores metadata for a set of files and/or directory structure. Depending on whether the version control system in use is distributed (for instance, Git or Mercurial) or centralized (Subversion or Perforce, for example), the whole set of information in the repository may be duplicated on every user's system or may be maintained on a single server.

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