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A frame of size 5 x 106 bits enters a network at router A and exits at Router B.

ID: 3772430 • Letter: A

Question

A frame of size 5 x 106 bits enters a network at router A and exits at Router B. There are eleven routers in the path across the network, including router A and router B. The distance between a pair of routers is 200 km. It takes a router 2 µsec to queue the frame and 1 µ to process it. The link connecting a pair of routers has a bandwidth of 5 Mbps. Assuming the speed of light inside a link is 2 x 108 m, compute the total delay (latency) experienced by the frame traversing the network from router A to router B. Which component of the total delay is dominant? Which component is negligible?

Explanation / Answer

Given:

speed of light inside a link i.e propagation speed = 2 x 10^8 m/s

N= number of links =(Number of routers + 1)=11+1 =>12

Frame size= 5 x 10^6 bits

Bandwidth = 5Mbps =5*10^6 bps

Distance between pair of routers = 200Km => 200x10^3 m

Queuing delay at each router = 2 µsec

Frame Processing delay at each router =1 µsec

Propagation delay at each link =distance / speed

                                     = 200x10^3 / 2 x 10^8

                                       = 100 x 10^3 x 10^-8

                                       = 10-3 sec

                                       = 1ms

Transmission delay = Frame size / bandwidth

                                       = 5 x 10^6 / 5*10^6

                                       = 1 ms

Answer:

Formula to calculate a frame traversing source to destination:

End-to-end delay=N x ( transmission delay + propagation delay + processing delay + Queuing delay)

                                = 12 x (1s+1ms+1 µsec+ 2 µsec)

                              = 12 x (1ms +1ms+ 2*0.001)

                               = 12x(2.002)

                              =24.004 ms

The dominant component of the total delay: Transmission delay

The negligible components are: Frame processing delay and queuing delay

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