4) We introduced the idea of I/O bound and CPU bound processes, and suggested th

Question

4) We introduced the idea of I/O bound and CPU bound processes, and suggested that the scheduler should maintain a good process mix.   In a multiprogramming/multitasking OS what should be done in the following situations: (10 points)

The scheduler determines that CPU utilization is low:

The scheduler determines that I/O device utilization is low:

We wish to maximize throughput. :

5) define the following types of operating : (10 points)

Batch serial operating:

Multiprogramming:

Multitasking:.

multiprocessing computer system:

why would a multi-processing compter system need to employ multiprogramming techniques? (5 points)

Explanation / Answer

4.a. CPU utilization is maximized by running long-running CPU-bound tasks without performing context switches.

4.b. I/O device utilization is maximized by scheduling I/O-bound jobs as soon as they become ready to run, thereby incurring the overheads of context switches.

4.c. Scheduling is done so as to increase the throughput.

5.a. The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group.

5.b. In multiprogramming system, when one program is waiting for I/O transfer; there is another program ready to utilize the CPU. So it is possible for several jobs to share the time of the CPU. But it is important to note that multiprogramming is not defined to be the execution of jobs at the same instance of time.

5.c. Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time. The operating system is able to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from one to the other without losing information.

5.d. Multiprocessor Operating System refers to the use of two or more central processing units (CPU) within a single computer system. These multiple CPUs are in a close communication sharing the computer bus, memory and other peripheral devices. These systems are referred as tightly coupled systems.

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